3 是陈述语气还是虚拟语气辨析

请教曹老师:

My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.

1had planned to settle down - 课文中正确意思是:原计划或本来计划定居(暗含着:后来没有成功= 一般过去时planned to have settled down 吗?),还是仅仅表达了过去计划定居,而不含有后来没有成功这一含义?

2even though - 有的书上翻译成了即使/哪怕,有的书上却又翻译成了虽然,尽管,从中文的角度,二者含义是完全不一样的。因为即使=哪怕=假设含义,虽然=尽管=承认事实。我被搞得糊里糊涂的。

     请教老师,even though = even if 究竟是即使=哪怕还是虽然=尽管” - 究竟哪一个意思?

3)这里的as if he had never lived - 从形式上看,这里看得出是陈述语气,还是虚拟语气吗?还是要从句意上来分辨呢?我认为仅从动词形式上,是看不出来是何种语气的!

4)这里的hardly...when 按照字面意思翻译:刚有时间安顿下来,他就卖了房子离开这个国家。 - 显然很不通顺?反之,理解成:还没安顿下来...这样才通顺。

     那么,为何很多书上说hardly...when的意思是:一...... = no sooner...than...呢?应该是:还没......呀!?很困惑不解。

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最佳答案 2022-01-14 12:54

1 He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. 这句话说的是他回到英国之前的梦想和计划,都是过去的过去的事实,为陈述语气,是过去完成时的正常用法。与后面说的情况无关。

2 even though在本句还是应该翻译为虽然、尽管。词典给出的释义为: in spite of the fact or belief that; no matter whether. 我觉得应该这样理解:很多时候 even if even though 可以互换。其原因是 if 既可以引导条件状语从句,也可以引导让步状语从句。当 even if = even though的时候,even if 中的 if 是表示让步意义。even起强调作用。在现代英语中,even though 引导的让步从句通常都是陈述语气,表示事实。这时可以用 even if 替换。但反过来 even if 引导的让步从句可以是虚拟语气,则不用 even though。也就是说,even though 既可以表示即使的意思,即相当于even if,带有假设意味;也可以表示虽然的意思,不带假设意味,即作为though的强调形式。现代英语中even though 通常不用虚拟语气。这篇课文中显然主人公一到英国就开始抱怨,并没有假设意味,所以翻译为虽然是合理的。

3 He acted as if he had never lived in England before. 这个句子是虚拟语气。as if 从句的虚拟语气形式是以主句谓语时间为基准。与主句谓语时间同时,则从句动词用过去式(bewere,非正式语体在单数一、三人称时用was),先于主句谓语时间时则从句用had done. 后于主句谓语时间,则从句用would dowere to do. 即并不是以说话时间为基准。所以,有的时候虚拟语气形式与陈述语气形式是重叠的。

4 学习英语要灵活,不能背公式。hardly...when...引导时间从句时,通常主句和从句谓语动词都是短暂动词,此时意思为刚一......。但这个句子中从句谓语动词为静态动词have time,显然不能翻译为一......。他几乎都没有时间安顿下来,就卖了房子。这是由于从句谓语动词为静态动词导致的(静态动词表示状态都是持续性的)。


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  • ykqstudy 提出于 2021-12-22 16:54