金山词霸牛津字典在线的例句:
used to give the following word or phrase a negative meaning, or to reply in the negative (否定后面的词或短语,或作否定的回答)不,没有
He warned me not to be late.
他提醒我不要迟到。
I was sorry not to have seen them.
我很遗憾没有见到他们。
Not everybody agrees.
不是每一个人都同意。
‘Who's next? ’ ‘Not me. ’
“下一位是谁?”“不是我。”
‘What did you do at school? ’ ‘ Not a lot . ’
“你在学校干什么了?”“没做多少事。”
It's not easy being a parent (= it's difficult) .
为人父母真不容易啊。
used after hope , expect , believe , etc. to give a negative reply (用于hope、expect、believe等动词后,作为否定的回答)不,没有
‘Will she be there? ’ ‘I hope not. ’
“她会在那儿吗?”“但愿不会。”
‘Is it ready? ’ ‘I'm afraid not. ’
“准备好了吗?”“恐怕还没呢。”
(formal)‘Does he know? ’ ‘I believe not. ’
“他知道吗?”“我想他不知道。”
or ~ used to show a negative possibility (表示否定的可能性)否,或许不
I don't know if he's telling the truth or not.
我不知道他是否说了真话。
used to say that you do not want sth or will not allow sth (拒绝或不允许)不
‘Some more? ’ ‘Not for me, thanks. ’
“再来点儿吗?”“我不要了,谢谢。”
‘Can I throw this out? ’ ‘Certainly not. ’
“我把这个扔了,行吗?”“当然不行。”
韦氏字典例句:
In the word “macho” the “ch” should be pronounced as (it is) in “China,” not as (it is) in “Chicago.”
在单词macho中,ch的发音应该和在单词China中一样,不应该是Chicago中的发音。
我的疑问1:否定后面的词或短语,或作否定的回答,我觉得还可以否定后面的完整的句子(参见韦氏字典的例句)
我的疑问2:
像Is it ready? ’ ‘I'm afraid not.这样的句子都有not的对象这里是否定的ready。那么
‘Some more? ’ ‘Not for me, thanks. ’这里Not否定的是什么?
‘Can I throw this out? ’ ‘Certainly not. ’这里not否定的是can还是throw呢?
What did you do at school? ’ ‘ Not a lot .‘这里not否定的又是是什么,貌似这个Not a lot答非所问?
我看你的问题中,很多都可以看作为省略形式的回答或表达,以避免重复。
疑问1:否定后面的词或短语,或作否定的回答,我觉得还可以否定后面的完整的句子(参见韦氏字典的例句)
答:可以这样理解。如: In the word “macho” the “ch” should be pronounced as (it is) in “China,” not as (it is) in “Chicago.”
not as (it is) in “Chicago= but should not be pronounced as it is in Chicago.
疑问2:(问题省略)
答:Is it ready? ’ ‘I'm afraid not. = I'm afraid it is not ready.
Can I throw this out? ’ ‘Certainly not. =you certainly cannot throw it out. can仅是谓语动词的一部分,否定含义当然包含throw了。
如:I cannot speak English. 你觉得能不否定speak English吗?即使中文里,如果你说不能,后面要加动词的,不能什么?
除非是省略句,在上下文清楚的情况下才可以。
What did you do at school? ’ ‘ Not a lot.以这里的not a lot 是习语,意思是“没做啥”。
请看字典例句:
A: "Hey, Tom, it's been a while since I last saw you. What have you been up to?"
B: "Oh, not a lot. Still in the same job."
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/not+a+(whole)+lot
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