1 that引导的名词性从句为陈述分句,即该从句原本是个陈述句。例如,I know that you are a student.
what则由于其本身可以是疑问词、感叹词和融合型关系词,所以what可以引导三种名词性从句:
1)名词性疑问分句:I don't know what he is trying to say.
2)名词性感叹分句:You can't believe what a stupid boy he is.
3)名词性关系分句:What he said is a lie.
2 whatever和whoever 既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句。无论引导哪种从句,whatever和whoever都是要在从句中做成分的。区别在于主句中是否缺少名词性成分。如果whatever/whoever引导的从句在主句中做了名词性成分如主语、宾语或表语,则这个从句就是名词性从句。如果主句的主语、宾语、表语齐全,不缺名词性成分,则whatever/whoever引导的就是让步状语从句。例如:
Whoever said that was lying. Whoever said that占据了was lying的主语的位置,所以这是名词性从句作主语。
Whoever said that, I won't believe him. 主句主谓宾齐全,whoever引导让步状语从句。
whatever的情况你自己类推。
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