...said she was considering paying for a fifth year at her university rather than graduating without a job, an outcome that in Japan's rigid job market might permanently taint her chances of getting a higher-paying corporate job.
1. an outcome that in Japan's rigid job market might permanently taint her chances of getting a higher-paying corporate job. 不是一个完整句子，而是名词词组。
2. 前文好像提到如果不交学费可能导致“大学肄业”，an outcome 应该是其同位语，而 that in Japan's rigid job market might permanently taint her chances of getting a higher-paying corporate job 是outcome 的定语从句，that 为关系代词并作了从句的主语。
