5 as soon as look at you的理解与语法分析

以下内容摘自薄冰英语语法答疑。尽管薄冰教授解释得很详细,但我仍是云里雾里。请各位大咖指点一下。特别是曹老师,您对比较结构有很深的研究(远超大多数语法学家),曾看过您好多关于比较结构的分析,受益太多,非常感谢!除曹大师外,也请其他各位大师指点,感谢不尽!

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最佳答案 2021-09-23 19:32

would just as soon do something as look at you 为习语。意为某人想要做对你有害的事情。

英语的有些比较结构随着语言的发展演变已经成了一种习语,例如 as well as 作为准并列连词,as long as 作为引导条件状语从句的复合连词,as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 同理,would just as soon... as... 也是一种习语性用法。

《韦氏高阶》在 soon 的词条下给出了下面习语:

would sooner or would just as soon

used to indicate what you want or prefer to do, have, etc.

He would sooner [=would rather] lose everything than admit that he was wrong.

We asked him to come with us, but he said he'd just as soon stay home.

我们可以看出,该词典把would sooner would just as soon 视为同义结构,而would sooner 等于 would rather. 意为“宁愿、宁可”做某事。如果想要表示出与什么相比而宁愿做某事,则可以用thanas would sooner would just as soon 呼应,构成择比结构:would sooner do A than do B; would just as soon do A as do B. 宁可做A事,也不做B事。在这种结构中,sooner... than 以及 just as soon... as 起准并列连词作用,do A do B是并列的二项,都是情态动词would后的不带to的不定式(不宜称为动词原型)。我们对下面词典例句做一个转换,说明其用法和意义。

We asked him to come with us, but he said he'd just as soon stay home.

He'd just as soon stay home as come with us.

He'd sooner stay home than come with us.

He'd rather stay home than come with us.

He'd stay home rather than come with us.

He'd stay home sooner than come with us. (使用较少)

He'd stay home as soon as come with us. (使用较少)

would just as soon ... as 后为look at someone 的时候,则又是一个固定习语,do A 一定表示的是对你加害之类的坏事,do B 固定为look at sb. 翻译为汉语时,通常不翻译look at sb这部分。例如:

He would just as soon kill you as look at you. 他会杀了你的。

You want me to trust his sort? He would just as soon cheat you as look at you. 你想让我相信他那号人?他根本就不把骗人当作一回事。

He would just as soon offend other people as look at them 他根本就不把得罪人当回事。

just可以省略,as soon可以移至第一个不定式之后。例如

And he said some of these guys would kill you as soon as look at you. 他说这些人会杀了你的。

It's the worst kind of killer that would shoot a man in the back just as soon as look at him. 只有最糟糕的杀手才会从背后开枪。

网友提问的句子就是最后这种用法,would kill you as soon as look at you = would just as soon kill you as look at you.  注意这里as soon as 并不是引导时间状语从句的复合连词,不能理解为“一看到你就会杀你”。look at you不是动词原型,而是不带to的不定式。翻译时不翻look at you

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其它 1 个回答

王汝涛   - 英语教师
擅长:英语翻译,词法问题,英语考试

        我想这应该是从英语习语would (just) as soon (do something) as look at (one) 演变而来的。The Free Dictionary有解释https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/would+as+soon+do+as+look+at+you 意思是:

Would desire or be very willing to do something harmful or malicious to one.

另一个解释为:would be eager to do something harmful as simply look at you.

两个意思相当于汉语的类似表达:我一看见你就想如何如何,或我对你如何如何就像看见你一样容易。

请看字典例句:

1. Don't go messing with that guy, Jake—he'd as soon kill you as look at you.

2. He was a mean so-and-so who would as soon shoot you as look at you.

3. He'd as soon pick a fight as look at you.

        薄冰书中提到的这个句子作者把句子结构略微做了改动,这种情形一般出现在文学语言中,另例来自国外英语论坛:Everyone knows cats would lie as soon as look at you. (该句出自一本小说,和薄冰书中的句子结构相同)国外网友的解释是:

They would be just as likely to lie to you as to look at you. There is an equal probability of lying and looking. (In other words, they lie often and easily.) https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/151272-as-soon-as-look-at-you

        既然是习语,看作固定用法,一般不做具体分析,因为有些习语,不一定合乎一般语法规则,如:a must do. 正如国外网站一篇介绍习语的文章中写到:Idioms do not need to follow standard grammar.

        也许薄冰教授当年因手头资料所限,可能没有想到和这个习语的关系,做出了看上去有点摸棱两可的解释。

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  • 胡德忠   提出于 2021-09-20 23:12