65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.
这句话源自剑桥雅思真题8考官给的写作范文。图中显示35%的土地流失是因为过度放牧,30%是因为滥砍滥发。本句话“constituting...”的逻辑主语不应该是本句话的主语,也就是“65% of degradation”吗?可是现在很显然应当对应的是“animal grazing and tree clearance”。难道是被动语态的使用,对分词作状语的逻辑主语还有影响?还是范文写错了?求解答!
65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.
很明显,constituting 35% and 30% respectively 的逻辑主语,是并列的 animal grazing and tree clearance。respectively 说明了问题。
使用被动语态的目的,就是让逻辑主语animal grazing and tree clearance 与 constituting 35% and 30% respectively 紧挨着。
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赞同刘老师的解答,我稍作补充。constituting现在分词短语并不是状语,而是前面名词词组的非限制性定语。如果改为which引导的定语从句就更清楚了:which constituting 35% and 30% respectively. 这是传统语法的分析。剑桥英语语法则会认为constituting这个非限定分句为补充语(supplement),对名词词组too much animal grazing and tree clearance作补充说明。
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