取自 the Little Prince 中的一段话
It was a big, dull, brick house, exactly like all the others in its row, but that on the front door there shone a brass plate on which was engraved in black letters:
MISS MINCHIN,
Select Seminary for Young Ladies
有两点疑问:
a. on the front door there shone a brass plate 此处是完全倒装吗?还是说这是there shone存在句呢?there和on the front两个状语是不是重复了呢?
b. 此处but that是不是理解为except that 呢
c. on which was engraved in black letter 这里是不是缺少了个主语呢?应该是on which xxx was engraved in black letter吗?但是文中给出了下文的一段文字,这段文字充当了主语吗?如果是这样,这种把主语放在句末是为什么呢?
你首先要清楚 there 存在句不是倒装句,而是 there 为虚义代词作形式主语。这是现代语法的分析,而且这种分析是合理的。这种一般疑问句的构成就可以证明。There is a book on the desk. Is there a book on the desk? 试想一下,一个倒装可能这样构成一般疑问句吗?又如,there存在句还可以用副词 here 或 there 作地点状语:There is book here/there. 所以,There shone a brass plate 并不是倒装句,there为形式主语,shone为不及物动词作谓语动词,其后的名词短语为真正主语。形式主语在谓语动词之前,这是正常语序,就如同 It is important to study hard 这个句子不是倒装句一样。on the front door there shone a brass plate 只不过是存在句恶状语前置于句首而已,就好比 on the desk there is a book. 前置的介词短语是状语,there却不是副词作状语,而是存在句的形式主语。
on which was engraved in black letters: MISS MINCHIN, Select Seminary for Young Ladies 这个定语从句是个倒装句,因为主语带了一个非限制性同位语,比较长,同时为了突出、强调主语,主语后移到句末构成完全倒装句。
but that...中的but=except 除了...,but that...对almost like all the others 做补充说明。
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