What the London zoo will adopt as a measurement at the critical moment is to try all ways of preserving the animals in the zoo.
本句,what 是融合性关系代词,身兼两职,既是先行词又是关系代词,等于说the thing that...。它的作用是:引导了主语从句,既做了adopt的宾语,又做了is 的主语。代入后,句子仍然正确(黑体部分为定语从句):
The thing that the London zoo will adopt as a measurement at the critical moment is to try all ways of preserving the animals in the zoo.
如果用 that 引导主语从句,那么 that 仅是一个引导词,既没有词汇意义,也不充当句子成分,那么明显的错误是,adopt 缺少宾语。退一步讲,that 引导名词性从句,它陈述的是一个事实,跟表语在意思上不对等。所以,无论从哪一方面,that 都是错的。