3 no sooner 处于句首为什么不倒装
MR. COLLINS was not left long to the silent contemplation of his successful love; for Mrs. Bennet, having dawdled about in the vestibule to watch for the end of the conference, no sooner saw Elizabeth open the door and with quick step pass her towards the staircase, than she entered the breakfast room, and congratulated both him and herself in warm terms on the happy prospect of their nearer connection. Mr. Collins received and returned these felicitations with equal pleasure, and then proceeded to relate the particulars of their interview, with the result of which he trusted he had every reason to be satisfied, since the refusal which his cousin had stedfastly given him would naturally flow from her bashful modesty and the genuine delicacy of her character.
This information, however, startled Mrs. Bennet; -- she would have been glad to be equally satisfied that her daughter had meant to encourage him by protesting against his proposals, but she dared not to believe it, and could not help saying so.
"But depend upon it, Mr. Collins," she added, "that Lizzy shall be brought to reason. I will speak to her about it myself directly. She is a very headstrong foolish girl, and does not know her own interest; but I will make her know it."
"pardon me for interrupting you, Madam," cried Mr. Collins; "but if she is really headstrong and foolish, I know not whether she would altogether be a very desirable wife to a man in my situation, who naturally looks for happiness in the marriage state. If therefore she actually persists in rejecting my suit, perhaps it were better not to force her into accepting me, because if liable to such defects of temper, she could not contribute much to my felicity."
"Sir, you quite misunderstand me," said Mrs. Bennet, alarmed. "Lizzy is only headstrong in such matters as these. In every thing else she is as good natured a girl as ever lived. I will go directly to Mr. Bennet, and we shall very soon settle it with her, I am sure."
请教老师：
1. no sooner 句首这里为什么没有倒装？应该是 no sooner did Elizabeth see...吧？
2. 这里的dared not to believe 是实义动词，为什么不是didn't dare to believe呢？
3. 这里用了were, 而没有用was，是否是虚拟语气？用虚拟语气were和was，在这里比较含义的不同，怎么理解这种差异？
4. 怎么理解as ever lived 含义？这里是必须省略的主语，那么ever lived, 就是字面意思是曾经存在的意思吗？
谢谢老师！
最佳答案 2021-07-29 10:48
你的这个内容是“傲慢与偏见”的第20章。
1.for Mrs. Bennet, (having dawdled about in the vestibule to watch for the end of the conference), no sooner saw Elizabeth open the door and with quick step pass her towards the staircase, than she entered the breakfast-room, and congratulated both him and herself in warm terms on the happy prospect of their nearer connection.
看清楚哪个是主语问题就好解决了。比如：
We no sooner sat down in the train than I felt sick.
The poor woman......no sooner looked at the Serjeant, than she presently recollected him.(The New Fowlers Modern English Usage2000第三版,P620)
2.daren’t（dare not）当成情态动词的用法只用在英国英语中（见PEU）：
I daren't go out at night.
I daren't look.
She daren't tell him what she thinks.
你提到的“she dared not believe it”是古老的用法，现在基本看不到了：
She dared not to tell herself that such an impulse was love for the man whose honour she had played with. （English Accidence and Syntax3(A Handbook of Present-Day English by E. Kruisinga）
3.这个现在见的少，有点难，因为是虚拟语气用在省略条件句中（见Curme的Syntax(A grammar of the English Language v3有介绍，P428）
not to force her into accepting me这是条件（if），it were better 是结果。
比如：
I should say [if I were asked] that it were better to say nothing about it.
In this sentence that it were better serves as an object clause, the object of the verb say, but it were better is also the conclusion to the condition to say nothing about it= if one said nothing about it.
4.原句是： In everything else she is as good-natured a girl as ever lived.你写的那个有问题。
这个as...as ever lived的用法现在看到的少，新的词典里也很少收录，如果想要深入了解可以看看小日本编的“英美语惯用法实用词典”P147-148，有点老了：
He is as diligent a man as ever lived (=He is one of the most diligent men that ever lived).
He is as great a statesman as ever lived.
He is brave a man as ever lived( breathed ).
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