11 不定式作什么句子成分

原句是:

The top official has duty to protect young from carbon emissions.

另外,还有I have work to do中的不定式to do,也属于相同的句子成分吗?

望老师予以解答,谢谢了!

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5 个回答

邹德浩   - 英语教师
擅长:英语

The top official has duty to protect young from carbon emissions.

上面句子中的不定式作定语,have duty to do sth 意思是“有做做某事的责任”。

类似地,在I have work to do中,不定式to do,也是定语,意思是“有要做的工作”。

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周晓光

The top official has duty to protect young from carbon emissions.这个句子感觉在young前应该加上the, the young表年轻人,表类别时,一般是the+形容词. 句中的to protect the young from carbon emissions是对duty的解释说明,将其内容具体化,即:保护年轻人免遭碳排放的后果。例如:Every citizen has duty to report crimes to the police. Public servants have duty to serve people heart and soul.在这种情况下,不定式做后置定语的结构,常常表达为:---N+to do ---, to do是对前面名词的解释,说明其具体指代,名词与不定式之间形成同位语。再看更多的例子。1. We all have a dream to go to college(上大学的梦想). 2. Every now and then, we have an itch to travel(旅行的渴望). 3.She expressed a wish to be alone.(一个人的愿望) 4. We have faith in his ability to handle problems.(处理问题的能力) 5. He doesn't have the courage to apologize for his actions.(为自己的行为道歉的勇气)

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汤慧婷

The top official has duty to protect young from carbon emissions.

这句当中的to do充当的成分是后置定语,修饰的是duty. I have work to do 当中的to do 作用相同。

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madstone7

attachments-2021-09-KREuJxJo6138dd5870b74.jpg有些特殊名词后面的不定式有时不好判断,大部分名词后不定式做定语,有时是同位语不好分清,比如上面那个plan to buy a villa这里到底是对计划的解释说明做同位语还是后置定语?头大~

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alex119   - 工程师
擅长:英语

The top official has duty to protect the young from carbon emissions.

句中的duty最好前面加个a

张满胜老师在英语语法新思维高级教程驾驭语法一书第4章不定式中把同位语关系划分到定语这一类,他自己也说了,严格意义上这两者不一样,只是为了方便读者理解而已。

我认为楼主的这一句严格来说是同位语。判断不定式后修饰是否为同位语Leech提过一个方法:

The police have been investigating a plot to kidnap a prominent diplomat.  (例句)

The relation of apposition can be seen if we relate the noun phrase to a subject +be + complement construction:

The plot is to kidnap a prominent diplomat.(引自A Communicative Grammar of English 1st by Geoffrey Leech1975年)

所以楼主的例句:The top official has a duty to protect the young from carbon emissions.

是否可以改成:

The duty is to protect the young from carbon emissions.

回答是肯定的,所以可以判断为是不定式后修饰作同位语。事情还没有结束:

He lost the ability to use his hands. A Students Grammar of the English Language

作者Greenbaum认为这里的不定式是作同位语,按照上面的说法是否可以写为:

The ability is to use his hands. (?)

然而这是一个错句,并没有这种表示方法。

所以上面改写的说法是充分不必要条件。Leech在其第三版中就把上面的那段话删除了,不过仍然还是有很大的价值。

不定式作什么成分就那几种:主谓,动宾,状和补,以及同位语,其实仔细对比分析,还是可以判断是属于哪种或是哪几种的!

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  • dios   提出于 2021-07-08 21:52