下面是我之前写的一篇关于“英语词语分隔”的文章，对词语分隔现象作了比较系统的分析和归纳，现节选部分内容。网友可以参考：

（一）词语分隔现象的成因

简单地说，在英语句子中，两个结构关系密切或意义紧密相连的成分应紧挨在一起。但有时因为语法句型或修辞表达的原因，需要在这些紧密相连的成分之间插入一些其他词语，从而造成分隔现象。

一、语法结构的原因

当两个及以上的后置定语同时修饰一个名词时，或两个及以上的状语同时修饰一个动词或形容词时，或一个及物动词有两个宾语时，分隔是必然的。

For the last years of her life she lived in a place where she was not liked, ruled by a son who hated her. 在她的余生中，她住在她儿子控制的地方，那个地方不喜欢她，她儿子也恨她。

place有两个后置定语：where she was not liked和ruled by a son who hated her，必有一个会与所修饰的词语分隔。

We think it’s a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control. 我们认为幸福是一种感觉，这种感觉是由于我们刚经历了一些好事而产生的，对这些事我们几乎不能甚至根本不能控制。

good things有两个修饰语，定语从句that just happen to us和同位语things over which we have little or no control。由于同位语本身还带有一个定语从句，且同位语和前面那个定语从句与他们所共同所修饰的词语的关系相比不太密切，故放在后面。

 在一些特殊结构中，由于句型的要求，关系密切的词语必须分隔，如：

What is there to worry about?有什么值得担心的吗？

动词不定式to worry about作what的定语，但因为特殊疑问句，需要把what提前至句首，而造成分隔。

Is there anything you want that you have not? 还有哪样你所要的东西你没有？

You are the only girl I know who can really play chess. 你是我认识的唯一的真正会下棋的女孩子。

Try as you may, you will not succeed. 虽然你可以试一试，但不会成功的。

这是一个由as引导的让步状语从句，try和may必须分隔，如改为As you may try则会导致意义变化。

二、修辞表达的原因

1．为了让句子保持平衡、避免头重脚轻的现象，或者为了避免累赘而分隔。如：

She keeps in the garden some of the most lovable little rabbits you ever saw. 她在花园里养着一些你所见到过的最可爱的小兔。

宾语较长而状语太短，故将地点状语in the garden提到宾语前，造成动宾分隔。

2．为使表达更准确、严密，以免引起误解而分隔。如：

He has promised to really unite the people in the company. 他许诺要真正团结全公司的人。（修饰unite）

这是一个分裂不定式，really因为修饰unite，须放在之前。如果将really放在句末或其他位置，句意会发生变化。如：

He has really promised to unite the people in the company. 他确实许诺要团结全公司的人。（really修饰has promised）

He has promised to unite the people in the company really.（really可能修饰promised，也可能修饰unite，造成歧义。）

3．为了强调，可将句中某个成分置于句首或句尾，或为了使上下文衔接紧凑而把句中某个成分置于句首，或为了突出某一部分，从而造成分隔现象，如：

This too we have tolerated. 这我们也忍受了。

为强调宾语，将其提前到句首，从而造成动宾分隔。

Happy people, as especially in individualistic Western cultures, like themselves. 快乐的人都十分赏识自我表现，这在强调个性的西方文化中显得尤为突出。

Happy people like themselves.一句本身已很短，本句中插入成分as especially in individualistic Western cultures因此显得很醒目，这样做的目的在于强调。

4．避免句式呆板，使表达生动活泼。如：

It was, as I said, not to be liked. 正如我所说的那样，这是不招人喜欢的。

as I said现置于句中造成句子分隔，说出时有所停顿，句式显得较灵活。

（二）充当分隔的成分

两个本应紧挨在一起的词语，往往可以被较短的谓语、主谓结构、定语、状语宾语、同位语等分隔，如：

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

修饰He的定语从句who laughs last被谓语laughs best分隔。

Those who have been in a serious accident often report that, as it occurred, everything happened in slow motion. 那些经历过严重事故的人常描述说，在事故发生的过程中，一切都以慢动作的形式进行。

状语从句as it occurred将本应紧挨在一起的连词that和它引导的宾语从句分隔开了。

下面列举一些经常起分隔作用的词语。

1．介词短语。

像in addition to, in my opinion, for example, for instance, of course, as a result, in fact, as a matter of fact,at all, in a/one word, on the other hand等固定的介词短语，可以造成分隔。如：

I didn't find the joke at all amusing.我认为这笑话一点也不可笑。

Growing up, of course, means realizing that there is only so much room in one life, whether you are male or female. 当然，成长意味着要明白一生就这么点儿回旋的余地，不管你是男是女。

There are many people on the platform waiting for the train.

2．非谓语动词。

The burglar, found guilty of breaking into the store, was put on four years’ probation, sentenced to 180 days in jail and ordered to do 200 hours of community service. 窃贼因犯有闯入商店抢劫的罪行被判刑180天，缓刑四年，并被罚做200小时的社区服务工作。

The resistance, experienced when one body moves over another, with which it is in contact, is called the frictional force. 一个物体在和它接触的另一物体上移动时所受的阻力，叫做摩擦力。

3．独立主格结构。

But it’s the millions of homes, with all their electrical appliances srunning, that cause the problem. 但是，正是这千百万让他们家里全部电器运转的家庭，造成了这个问题。

The little girl, with her mother away from home, felt very lonely. 那个女孩因母亲不在家，感到很孤独。

4．副词（短语）。

像however, therefore, moreover, hence, more or less等副词（短语），也经常造成分隔现象。如：

There's one point, however, that has made me confused. 不过, 有一个问题使我感到迷惑。

Sometimes, though, you may find that high priority items are the very ones you seek to avoid. 然而，有时你可能会发现有些重要的优先项目正是你试图回避的。

5．同位语。

Tom, a 27-year-old hacker, has a different point of view. 27岁的黑客汤姆则持另一种观点。

Joanna, Faber’s teenage daughter, came home one day looking distressed. 费伯十多岁的女儿乔安娜有一天回到家时显得很沮丧。

6．各类从句：名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句等。

Does this simply imply, as many have guessed, that at least 30% of the jobs might be at risk. 正像许多人猜测的那样，这是否仅仅意味着，有至少30%工作可能有风险吗？

You just sit back and let it ---whatever it is--- happen. 不管是什么事情，你都只需袖手旁观，任其发生。

7．I think, I believe, I say, they say, I believe, I'm afraid, do you think/believe/suppose, to tell the truth, to be honest,       to be frank, generally speaking, frankly speaking, honestly speaking, believe it or not, worse still,what's more, as far as I'm concerned等引述语或插入语。

It is at home, they say, that children must be helped to develop enough self-esteem and establish enough of a sense of right and wrong to overcome the urge to cheat. 他们说，就是在家庭中，必须帮助孩子们产生足够的自尊心，树立明确的是非观，克制作弊的欲望。

This is a good chance, I think, that you can win.我认为这是你能赢的最好机会。

（三）分隔类型归纳

 以下例句中，句子的两个密切相关的成分，被黑体部分分隔开来。

1. 主谓分隔

I found to my disappointment that all the tickets to the theatre had been sold.

E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

Better kitchen planning, for example, could cut down on the number of trips to the supermarket.

He, however, didn’t understand at all the theory on which I based my invention.

The novelist, therefore, has a special responsibility both to the present and the past of his country.

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.

Anyway, that evening, which I’ll tell you more about later, ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

2. 动宾分隔

She carries over the shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse.

When we pass a big building or see an airplane or a car, we might keep in mind that we are looking at the fruits of man’s labour in this tradition.

It is better for you to take with you whatever you need most anytime.

The critic is he who can translate into another manner or a new material his impression of beautiful things.

3. 系表分隔

He always ate egg-salad sandwiches at his desk. He was, of course, overweight by 20 or 25 pounds.

English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as in Germany, complementary to the family.

Einstein was, in the eyes of a young friend, a simple, modest and ordinary man.

4. 宾语被宾补分隔

The discovery has made possible new techniques for brain surgery.

Finally, I dashed down the stairs, pushed open the front door.

He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remarks.

5. 定语和被修饰语的分隔

The problem arose of what to do with the money.

I have a picture here of a man who knew the address.

We heard the story from his own lips of how he was stranded for days without food.

The time is coming to prepare for Christmas.

There is no report to us of any accident.

I must try to make as careful a study as I can of the accident.

6. 不定式的分隔

I wish the reader to clearly understand this article.

He was unable, however, to long keep silence.

She did not like to either lie or sit long.

It was evident that he purposed to both charm and astonish my by his appearance.

7. 动词词组的分隔（“不及物动词+介词”固定词组被分隔）

Look carefully at the corrections which I have written in your essay.

I don't care very much for fruit drinks; I like something that has a kick in it.

I cannot say that I think very highly of your discrimination.

They argued all evening about how to get rid of the noise.

8. 定语从句与先行词的分隔

All are not friends that speak us fair.

It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, when for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.

The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.

After graduation she reached a point in her career where she had to decide what to do.

9. 同位语的分隔

There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved.

Information has been put forward at the meeting that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universitie

The question sometimes comes to my mind whether it was worth the effort.

There is no doubt, in my opinion, that what matters is not one’s looks, but one’s inner thoughts

Mr. Smith left word with his assistant that he had returned to his own country for winter holidays.

10. 主、从句的分隔

Although they didn’t like his views, I think, in a way, they liked how he talked.

If you break the rule, in other words, you will be punished.

11. 连词或关系词与主语的分隔

Choose the word or phrase that you think is nearest in meaning to the key word.

What you suppose is necessary is unnecessary to me.

Although he was a bit rude to my parents, I didn’t feel angry with him, because, as I said, I like people to be confident in that way.

If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.

Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.

Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.

“分隔式定语从句” 属于特殊结构的定语从句。这类定语从句可以归纳为如下几种：

1. 嵌入式定语从句

2. 并列式定语从句

3. 多重式定语从句

4. 省略式定语从句

5. 分隔式定语从句

在正常情况下，定语从句一般紧跟在被它所修饰的先行词之后；但有时候它和先行词之间插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。在英语文章中经常见到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别从句修饰的对象。

一般说来，定语从句被分隔开来大致有以下三种情况：

①先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔。

There are quite a few students in our school who like this athlete very much.我们学校有不少学生非常喜欢这位运动员。

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 这部电影使我回想起我在那个遥远的村庄受到良好照顾的那些时光。

②先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔。

My grandpa has a picture by a famous painter which was sent to him for his birthday.

我爷爷有一幅出自名家送给他作生日礼物的画。

After graduation she reached a point in her career where she had to decide what to do. 毕业后，她在职业生涯中到了一个必须决定做什么的时刻。

③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔。

此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后。

The professor entered the hall who had just presented several lectures.刚刚做完几场报告的教授进了大厅。

The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders. 我们中国人受侵略者欺负的日子一去不复返了。