This group generally do well in IQ test,scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.
疑问:
1.as the careers of their elites,...affirm是什么成分?
2.主干部分well in IQ test和 to the intellectual and cultural life...是必具性状语吗?
麻烦老师解答一下我的疑惑,谢谢
This group generally do well in IQ test,scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.
疑问:
1.as the careers of their elites,...affirm是什么成分?
——按照传统语法,as the careers of their elites affirm 这是as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 指代整个前文,同时做了 affirm 的宾语。意思:(包括几位世界著名科学家在内的)精英们的职业生涯证实了这一点。括号是including 词组的内容,“这一点” 指前文内容。
2.主干部分well in IQ test和 to the intellectual and cultural life...是必具性状语吗?
——do well 是固定搭配出新的词义。well 是必具性状语,没有well,do的意义不完整,不清晰。in 表示“方面”,可以不用,不是必具性状语。to the intellectual and cultural life 这个词组跟 contribute 搭配,也是必具性的,contribute to 表示 “有助于,带来,促成”,意味着对于某事产生多大影响。没有 to 意思不完整。所以,也是必具性的状语。
◆ 所谓 “必具性状语”,说明它是不可或缺的一个状语成分。分两种情况:有时候在不及物动词之后,必须加上一个状语,否则句子就没有意义或意思不完整。这叫做“必具性状语”。
He lives in the countryside. 他住在乡下。
She always walks fast. 他总是走路很快。
有时候在宾语之后,也要加上一个“必具性状语”,否则句子就没有意义或意思不完整。
Mary put her book on the desk. 玛丽把书放在桌子上。
They treat me very well. 他们待我很好。
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