Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ______ went wrong again.
答案是repaired,为什么不能用it repaired呢?
我的想法是这台洗衣机不是Mrs.Brown自己修的,而是她请人修的,所以填了had it repaired。
曾几何时,上海的高考英语试题中,竟出现了网友给出的这一道考查英语语法的题目。现在看来,多少属于文字游戏,因为4个动词排列在一起: had had repaired went。
Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
此题正确答案为C。许多考生因不能正确分析句子结构,不知如何下笔。结果选错答案的考生甚多。
现分析如下:句中 to see 后的主要结构是 the washing machine went wrong again. (洗衣机又出毛病了)。其中,she had had repaired 是定语从句,前面省略了关系代词that/which,套用的句型是“have + 名词 + 过去分词”,即 have the washing machine repaired。另外,从时间上看,“请人修洗衣机”应在“出故障”之前,故 have the washing machine repaired 用了过去完成时态,即用 had had the washing machine repaired;从修饰角度看,题目中she had had repaired 为修饰名词 the washing machine 的定语从句(意为“她曾请人修理过的洗衣机”),引导该定语从句的关系代词为 that/which,因其用作宾语被省略。也正因为如此,题目中的 she had had repaired 的第二个had 后,不能再次接宾语,不能使用 the washing machine 或 it,这也就是为什么不能选B的原因。
如果有的考生还不明白,我们可以从反面来分析一下:假若选B,则是 (that/which) she had had it repaired,而它作为修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句是有问题的,为什么有问题呢?那是因为 she had had it repaired 这个句子的结构(或句子成分)是完整的,它有主语、有谓语动词、有宾语和宾补,这样一来,引导这个定语从句的关系代词 that/which 就没有着落了,因为关系代词 that/which 要么作主语(不可省略),要么作宾语(可以省略),而 she had had it repaired 这个定语从句既不缺主语,也不缺宾语,所以it 多余,结果错了。假若去掉其中的 it,即改选C则对了。因为这样一来,省略的关系代词that/which 其实作了动词 repaired 的逻辑宾语。
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赞同刘老师和曹老师解答观点:
网友之所以问“为什么不能使用it repaired”是因为,网友忽略了在定语从句中充当宾语关系代词是可以省略的,而且定语从句的宾语位置必须空缺出来,不可以再把宾语加进去啊!!! 这是问题关键也是核心。
Mrs.Brown(主语)// was (系动词)//much disappointed(表语)// to see(引导宾语从句that连词省略了) the washing machine(引导定语从句关系that/which省略了) she had repaired went wrong again(不定式短语作原因状语).
答案是repaired,为什么不能用it repaired呢?
我的想法是这台洗衣机不是Mrs.Brown自己修的,而是她请人修的,所以填了had it repaired。
句子语法结构分析如下:
主语:Mrs.Brown(步廊夫人)
系动词: was(感觉/是)
表语:much disappointed(非常失望)
原因状语:to see(that引导宾语从句) the washing machine(that/which省略了) she had repaired went wrong again(不定式短语作原因状语).
备注:以上原因状语为不定式to see+ that宾语从句,而that宾语从句里面又嵌套1个定语从句that/which she had repaired , that宾语从句的主语是“the washing machine”,that宾语从句系动词是“went”, that宾语从句表语是“wrong” that宾语从句的状语是“again”
原因状语语法结构分析如下:
不定式:to see(看见)
不定式的宾语:that the washing machine(引导定语从句关系代词that/which省略了) she had repaired went wrong again(她请人维修过那台洗衣机再次发生故障。)
宾语从句主语:the washing machine(那台洗衣机)
修饰宾语从句主语的后置定语:(that/which) she had repaired(她请人维修过的)(that/that代词先行词the washing machine,并在定语从句作had宾语成分,即使用have sth done,结构,即have+宾语+过去分词作宾补结构)
宾语从句系动词:went(发生了)
宾语从句表语:wrong(故障)
宾语从句状语:again(再一次)
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