He won't do what he's told.
They shall do what I told them to.
以上2句类似,请教老师第一句这里的he's told 是 he has told 还是 he is told, 为什么?
第二句为什么有一个to呢?
第一句:He won't do what he is told to (do)
第二句:They shall do what I told them to (do).
▲句末的to为不定式符号,相当于to do,这个to不能省略。《牛津英语用法指南》指出:“如果意思清楚的话,可以不重复使用整个动词不定式(和后面的词语),而用to代替。《葛传槼英语惯用法词典》中还指出:“这种用法在口语中比在文字里普通”。也就是说,to之后重复的动词和其后的词语可以补上去,但句子会显得过于正式且累赘,所以在日常会话中人们都会将重复的动词和其后的词语一起省略。又如:
You may go if you wish to.(to = to go)
He wanted to do it, but I told him not to.(to = to do it)
Though you do not want to ask him again, I am afraid you will have to.(to = to ask him again)
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