请教老师:
As is depicted in the chart, sales of computers have risen sharply.
1. As is depicted in the chart 这样的表达是外国人常用的吗?
2. as引导了一个方式状语从句吗(传统语法是定语从句)?
3. 在这个状语从句中,为什么没有主语呢?
4. 这个状语从句是否能省略成as depicted in the chart呢?
As is depicted in the chart, sales of computers have risen sharply.
1. As is depicted in the chart 这样的表达是很常见的。
2. 这种as从句传统语法分析为非限制性定语从句。现代语法分析为比较状语从句。
3. 传统语法认为as是关系代词,指代主句的内容,并在从句作主语。现代语法认为as是连词,主语是个嵌入分句(即形式主语it和外置的that主语从句同时被省略了)。
4. 这种as分句是否可以省略助动词be,只保留过去分词,是个惯用问题。通常这种结构中可以省略助动词的有下列动词:
admit,anticipate, assume, expect, indicate, intend, plan, predict, realise, require, schedule, show, think.
其它动词通常不省略助动词be。
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As is depicted in the chart, sales of computers have risen sharply.
这里的 As is depicted in the chart 是一个非限制性定语从句,sales of computers have risen sharply 是主句,整个主句是定语从句的先行词。这里的As 是关系代词,在从句中作主语。在这种As/as引导的非限制性定语从句中,先行词一般不是某个具体的名词或者代词,而是整个主句或者主句的一部分。这种从句可以放在主句的前面或者后面,有时还可以放在主句中间。例如:
As was expected , he easily won (the) first prize. 他轻而易举地获得头奖,这是早已料到的事。(《英汉多功能词典》新编双解版p.93)
在这个句子中, As was expected 是非限制性定语从句 ; he easily won (the) first prize 是主句,可以看作定语从句的先行词。
He was an American, as I knew from his accent. 他是个美国人,这是我从他的口音知道的。(《英汉多功能词典》新编双解版p.93)
在这个句子中, He was an American 是主句,整个主句充当定语从句的先行词 ,as I knew from his accent 是非限制性定语从句。
In electrical usage the term potential , as will be pointed out later , has a definite quantitative meaning . 在电学上,正如以后将要指出的那样,电位这个术语具有确定的数量意义。(赵振才:《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版第五版p.142)
这里的as will be pointed out later是非限制性定语从句。