It's freezing cold
[=very cold] in here! 这里好冷啊!
资料上解释说这里的现在分词freezing起副词作用,相当于very。请专家老师归纳一下此类用法以及其他可以这样用的现在分词,谢谢!
这类-ing词形式上像现在分词,但词典上通常都标注为形容词,由于它们是放在形容词前面作状语(表程度),所以其实已被用作副词(事实上也有的词典将这样用的-ing标注为副词)。这类用法比较常见的搭配有:
1. freezing / biting / flipping / frigging cold
I was freezing cold. 我快冻僵了。
It is piercingly cold outside. 外面寒冷彻骨。
It’s flipping cold outside! 外面冷得要命!
It’s frigging cold outside. 外面真的好冷。
2. boiling / burning / steaming / piping / blazing / scalding / scorching / stifling hot
The day was scorching hot. 那天太热了。
The weather was stifling hot. 天气极其炎热。
The coffee was served piping hot. 端上的咖啡很烫。
It was a boiling hot morning. 那是一个奇热无比的早晨。
The bathwater was scalding hot. 洗澡水非常烫。
The mug tipped over, spilling hot coffee everywhere. 杯子倒了,热咖啡溅得到处都是。
3. raging / hopping / steaming / raving / boiling / baking mad
She was raging / hopping / steaming mad. 她怒不可遏。
He is boiling mad at how he was treated. 他因所受待遇而大怒。
He was always rather strange, but he seems barking mad now. 他一直就有点反常,但现在好像是完全疯了。
4. soaking / dripping / wringing wet
The towel is dripping wet. 毛巾湿透了。
His clothes were wringing wet from the rain. 他的衣服被雨淋得湿透了。
We got soaking wet just going from the car to the house. 我们从车里走到屋子就全身湿透了。
5. dazzling white
a dazzling white light 一道刺眼的白光
The new-fallen snow is dazzling white. 刚下的雪白得耀眼。
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单个的现在分词,可以放在谓语动词之后作方式状语:
He came running back to tell me the news. (running 修饰came,说明“回来的方式是跑着来的”。)
他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。
The boy came running into the room, out of breath.
男孩上气不接下气地跑进房间。
I crossed the street to avoid meeting Tom, but he saw me and came rushing towards me .我穿过马路以便避开汤姆,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。(rushing 为现在分词,作came的方式状语。即:“朝我冲来”)
The leaves came raining down.树叶如雨般掉下来。(raining 为现在分词,作came down的方式状语。即:“如雨一般下来”)
有时候,单个的现在分词,放在形容词前,作程度状语。在一些习惯用法中,现在分词可以作程度状语,意为“很,非常,极度”,如果换成 very 也可,只是语气弱了一点。有的词典直接按副词收录。但源头是现在分词变来。例如:
It's freezing cold today for October.相对于十月份来说今天天气太冷了。
It was burning hot yesterday.昨天非常炎热。
Lanny is an amazing beautiful girl.兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。
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It's freezing in here! 这儿冷得不得了!(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.837,这里的 freezing 是形容词,意思是extremely cold)
It's freezing cold outside. 外面极为寒冷。(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第8版p.837,这里的 freezing 是副词,属于非正式的用法,口语用法。)
-freezing adj or adv ...... It's freezing cold [=very cold] in here! 这里好冷啊!(《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》p.848)这里的 freezing 是副词,不是“现在分词freezing起副词作用”。
《牛津英语搭配词典》第2版把 freezing cold 作为phrases处理,意思是“极冷(的)。”
赞同黎老师的看法。这个词应该在这里是副词。类似的还有scorching hot. freezing 原本是形容词,这里是副词。这种用法目前来看,在我印象里,基本都和描述温度有关。其实和分词没关系,它只是形式是ing罢了,如interesting,显然是形容词,应该是从分词变来的,但现在字典都收录为形如词。我觉得是因为要修饰形容词,所以它又变为副词。类似还有:It's icy cold in the river.
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形容词的修饰语主要有以下四种(黑体),
AdvP Highly offensive.
限定词, These meals aren't that expensive.
NP Three years old.
PP Deaf in both ears.
CGEL2说,除此之外还还能找到其他一些形式,如a few adjectives (including one or two participial ones): icy cold, freezing cold, red-hot, boiling hot, scalding hot. 并且说基本上这些都是固定搭配,并不是可再生的构造。
至于它是副词或者是形容词,我觉得并不关键,关键是这些搭配不适合模仿创造,所以不适合外推归纳。