5 it句子成分分析

People praised him for having brought happiness to others. It was the reason, he knew, that he had fought so hard, and it had been what had made he find his courage.  

 

请问老师:

1for having brought happiness to others是必具性状语吗? to others是这个状语中的受事者状语吗?

2he knew在句子中作什么成分?

3、第一个that是同位语从句吗?reason后面如果加定语从句,如果不是作宾语,是不是只能加why/for which,不能加that?第三个是表语从句吗?

4、两个it是形式主语还是代指第一句话呢?

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最佳答案 2021-02-09 19:29

很多英语初学者分不清reason后接that从句究竟是定语从句还是同位语从句。其原因有二,第一这些同学读英语句子不注意句子表达的逻辑;第二,对什么是同位语概念不清。

reason的定语从句通常由why, for which, 或that引导,that为非正式语体,通常that以省略为多见。关系词在从句中作原因状语。

reason后接that同位语从句时,that为从属连词,没有词义,在从句也不做成分。that从句就是reason的具体说明,即原因是什么。所以可以写成 The reason is that ....。例如下面的句子:

The reason why/that/for which Tom was late was that his mother was ill. 汤姆迟到的原因是他母亲病了。

the reason that Tom was late, 这里that引导定语从句,that在从句中作原因状语, that可以换成why。汤姆迟到并不是原因,而是汤姆因为某个原因迟到了。所以不能说 The reason was that Tom was late.  即that引导定语从句时,与reason之间是没有主系表关系的。

而上句中的表语从句 that his mother was ill 是the reason的表语,这才是主系表关系。如果用这个that从句修饰reason,才是同位语从句。例如:

Tom was late. The teacher knew the reason that his mother was ill. 汤姆迟到了。老师知道原因,即他母亲生病了。这个that不可以换成why. 

所以,判断that作为关系副词引导定语从句,还是从属连词that引导同位语从句,必须根据上下文逻辑做出判断。that引导同位语从句,reason和that从句有主系表关系,即the reason is that从句,逻辑是通的。that引导定语从句,则不可改写为 the reason is that...,逻辑是不通的。

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其它 1 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

1、for having brought happiness to others是必具性状语吗? ——不是。可以不用。

to others是这个状语中的受事者状语吗?——没有必要这样划分状语。状语主要用于说明谓语动词发生的地点、时间、原因、条件、程度、结果、让步等情况。这里修饰动名词having brough。bring...to...中,介词短语为广义的“方向或地点状语”。

2、he knew在句子中作什么成分?——插入成分。

3、第一个that是同位语从句吗?reason后面如果加定语从句,如果不是作宾语,是不是只能加why/for which,不能加that?——一般认为,reason 作先行词,定语从句用 why,for which 引导。其实用that 引导也很正常。此外,用that引导时,看作同位语从句也可以,因为存在主表关系:The reason was that he had fought so hard.

第三个是表语从句吗?——it had been what had made he find his courage.  此句有误。请核查。

4、两个it是形式主语还是代指第一句话呢?——it 为代词,指代前文。如果是形式主语,that 从句就不是定语或同位语了,需要重新考虑。

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  • 提出于 2021-02-06 16:29