曹老师好!
您在 https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/28591 这个问题中说,
正因为名词性关系分句相当于一个名词词组……不可以使用外置结构,不能说 Is it wrong what I have said?
间接疑问句……作主语的句子如果为一般疑问句时,使用外置结构是必须的,Is it clear what he has done?
问题的核心是 间接疑问句 和 名词性关系分句的 用法不同,但是我搞不清楚 这两个概念的区别。
为何“Is it wrong what I have said?”中的what I have said名词性关系分句,而“Is it clear what he has done?”中的what he has done是个特殊疑问句?
另外我翻阅了徐广联的书,请您鉴别一个例句的正误:It is clear enough what she meant.
麻烦曹老师了。
名词性关系分句本质上是一个名词词组被一个限制性定语从句所修饰。例如:Is what I have said wrong?= Are the words which I have said wrong?. 名词性关系分句的中心词是what中隐含的先行词the words, 再由隐含的关系代词引导定语从句修饰这个先行词。这就是名词性关系分句的本质——它实际上是一个名词词组(虽然在形式上是个从句结构)。正因为如此,在一般疑问句中,操作词可以倒装于作主语的名词词组之前,所以也可以倒装于名词性关系分句之前。所以,Is what I have said wrong?是个正确的句子。
另外,当名词词组作主语时,通常不能采用外置结构。例如:The moral of the story is clear. 我们不能说:It is clear the moral of the story. 由于名词性关系分句本质上是一个名词词组,所以名词性关系分句原则上也是不能外置的。例如:What I have said is wrong. 不能改为 It is wrong what I have said.
名词性疑问分句则不同,作名词性成分的是疑问句这个分句。当一个分句(或不定式)作主语,而需要把陈述句改为一般疑问句时,必须采用形式主语结构,把作真正主语的主语从句或不定式外置。例如:
To study hard is important.
That he lost his bike is true.
这二个句子如果要改为一般疑问句时,必须采用外置主语结构:
Is it important to study hard?
Is it true that he lost his bike?
而不能说:
Is to study hard important? 错误
Is that he lost his bike true? 错误
What has gone wrong remains unclear. 陈述句
Does what has gone wrong remain unclear? 一般疑问句(错误)
Does it remain unclear what has gone wrong? 一般疑问句(正确)
所以,你需要根据句子上下文语境进行分析,根据逻辑判断出wh词究竟是个疑问词,还是融合型关系代词。该名词性从句是否有疑问含义。如果你说,老师,我不善于逻辑分析,不会分析。那你就没有救了。谁也帮不了你。
It is clear enough what she meant.
徐广联的这个句子what从句为外置主语,而名词性关系分句是不允许外置的。所以这是名词性疑问分句。她的意思是什么已经够清楚了。
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