独立主格结构看似很难,其实很简单,学生只要知道它由“名词或代词+名词/形容词/副词/非谓语动词/介词短语”构成,然后大致根据字面意思去理解就可以了。因为这类结构通常只出现在阅读材料中,不会出现在语法填空题中。举几个例子吧:
——名词或代词+形容词
Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. 地球上总共大约有一万座火山,除了几百座外,其他都熄灭了。(2019江苏卷)
——名词或代词+介词短语
Steve nodded, tear in eye. 史蒂夫点了点头,眼里噙着泪水。(2019江苏卷)
Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. 我提心吊胆地走到篱笆前看了过去。(2020浙江卷)
——名词或代词+现在分词
Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys. 史蒂夫走到钢琴前,坐在长凳上,当把手指轻轻地放在琴键上时双手颤抖着。(2019江苏卷)