我对以下名词作定语的理解有疑问:
the house roof 等于 the roof of the house 吗?
the sea temperature 等于 the temperature of the sea 吗?
the shopping bag 等于 the bag of shopping 吗?
the wine glass 等于 the glass of wine 吗?
1. the house roof 等于 the roof of the house 吗?
对的。the house roof 等于 the roof of the house,意思是“屋顶”=房屋的顶。
2. the sea temperature 等于 the temperature of the sea 吗?
对的。the sea temperature 等于 the temperature of the sea,意思是“海洋温度”=海洋的温度。
3. the shopping bag 等于 the bag of shopping 吗?
不对。the shopping bag 不等于 the bag of shopping。the shopping bag 的意思是“这个购物袋”(用于购物的袋子,可能是空的),而 the bag of shopping 的意思“这个装满所购物品的袋子”(袋子是满的)。
4. the wine glass 等于 the glass of wine 吗?
不对。the wine glass 不等于 the glass of wine。the wine glass 的意思是“这个酒杯”(用于装酒的杯子,可能是空的),而 the glass of wine 的意思是“这杯酒”(装满酒的杯子)。
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▲关于这个问题,我与刘老师和童老师的观点稍有不同,我倒比较认可陈老师的分析。下面是我的个人看法,不妥之处,请刘老师和童老师原谅和指正!
我觉得 shopping 虽然具有动名词的形式,但已完全名词化,绝大部分词典都把它按名词词性收录。同时词典给它的语法标签为“不可数名词”。我查了一下手头的词典,shopping 用作名词时,主要有两个用法,一是表示“购物”,二是表示“所购之物”,以上问题主要涉及第二义(表示“所购之物”)。根据所搜集到的例句来看,shopping 表示“所购之物”时,用法比较广,不仅用于指“笼统的量”,也可以指“具体的量”;不仅可以用bags of, baskets of 来说明,也可以用 the, one’s, that 来说明。
▲下面是相关例句:
◎a bit of shopping
She’s just out to do a bit of shopping. 她刚刚出去买点儿东西。(王文昌《英语搭配大词典》)
◎a load of shopping
She was weighted down with a load of shopping.(张道真《现代英语用法词典》)
◎a mountain of shopping
I saw a harried-looking mother at the checkout trying to manage two small children and a mountain of shopping. 我在收银台看见一个神情苦恼的母亲,既要照看两个小孩子,又要应付一大堆买好的东西。(《剑桥高级英语词典》)
◎bags of shopping
We were weighed down with bags of shopping. 一袋袋买来的东西把我们压得走不动路。(《牛津短语动词词典》)
She had so many bags of shopping that she could hardly carry them. 她购买了这么多袋东西,几乎拿不了了。(《剑桥高级英语词典》)
◎baskets of shopping
She was carrying two baskets of shopping. 她提着两蓝子买来的东西。(《轻松英语学生词典》)
◎one’s shopping
Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了?(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)
◎that shopping
I didn’t realize how heavy that shopping was going to be. 我没想到买的东西会有多沉。(《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》)
◎the shopping
We put the shopping away. 我们把买回来的东西放好。(《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》)
Can you help me bring the shopping in? 你能帮我把买的东西拿进来吗?(《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》)
看了陈老师的解答,觉得1, 2, 4问题解答的相当好,但第3略嫌不足。我补充一下,请陈老师谅解。
▲the shopping bag 是“购物袋”,shopping 是动名词作定语修饰bag,说明bag 的用途和目的。可以转换为:the bag for shopping。
但是,我觉得the bag of shopping 这个短语,似乎不存在,很难揣摩其含义。因为作为动名词的shopping,它仍然具备动词特征,虽然可以量化,但难以用具体的bag 来限定。但可以用模糊的量和时间来限制,如:
She did a bit of shopping on the way home. 她在回家的路上买了点东西。
I was worn out after a day of shopping. 购了一天的物,我都累坏了。
▲如果是表示物质概念的不可数名词,则完全可以用bag 作为量词来限制。例如:
a bag of grain 一袋粮食
two bags of sand 两袋沙子
the bag of rice 这袋大米
▲此外,of shopping 可以作定语,指“购物的行为、习惯或感觉”等,当然,这跟讨论的问题没有太大的关系。例如:
the act of shopping
a habit of shopping
the happiness of shopping
如有不对,请陈老师批评指正。
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