语法结构

最近常见一种比较不合语法的结构,动词+介词+名词+不定式。1.The police have appeared to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.   2.Xi called at the meeting for the police to treat people sincerely.   3.The man asked for the decision to be changed.    4.The company will arrange for a taix to meet you at the airport.        高中好像只讲了v+ to do或v +n+to do.但以上四句的结构是v+介词+名词+to do.请问老师这算哪门子的语法结构?

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最佳答案 2020-12-08 22:58

1.The police have appeared to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.  

—— seem/appear (to sb) to do sth.

        seem/appear (to sb) that 从句

        seem/appear (to sb) + adj.

句子结构不错,但意思讲不通。是不是写错了单词,appeared 应为 appealed appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事,是复合宾语结构。

2.Xi called at the meeting for the police to treat people sincerely.  

—— called for sb. to do sth. at the meetingfor sb. to do sth. at the meeting 是不定式复合结构,作 called 的目的状语。

3.The man asked for the decision to be changed.

——  for the decision to be changed,是不定式复合结构,作 asked 的目的状语。

4.The company will arrange for a taix to meet you at the airport.    

—— for a taix to meet you at the airport,是不定式复合结构,作 arrange 的目的状语。

我引用曹老师这几个例子:appeal to sb to do sth. 有些不及物动词+介词构成及物的短语动词,这些动词具有使役意义,即号召、示意、呼吁某人做某事,所以可以后接不定式做宾补。例如

depend on sb to do sth. 依靠某人做某事

call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事

appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事

signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事

shout at sb to do sth 喊某人做某事

【注】如果不及物动词后是 for sb. to do sth. ,则是不定式复合结构作目的状语,不是复合宾语结构。例如:call for sb. to do sth., wait for sb. to do sth. 因为for 跟前面的动词并非“铁板一块”,中间插入了其他状语。这两句便是例证:

Xi called at the meeting for the police to treat people sincerely.  

We waited at the corner for the man to appear.

记住最关键的一条,宾补的基本概念是:动词施加给、作用于、感受于宾语的结果

wait for him to come 中,不定式复合结构 for him to come wait 的目的状语。

▲ 不及物动词 + for sb. to do sth. :这都是不定式复合结构,作目的状语。在英语中比较常见。例如:

I'll arrange for you to be met at the airport. 我将作出安排,到机场接你。

I gestured for him to keep quiet.   我用手势示意他保持安静。

The policeman signed for me to stop. 警察打手势叫我停下。

She looked up and nodded for me to go out. 她抬起头来,并点头让我出去。

He's waiting for me to make a mistake. 他正盼着我出错呢。

He wished for me to win. 我期待着他赢。

I am really longing for him to say something tender to me. 我确实渴望他对我讲些温柔的话。

【说明】有的语法书,把这个结构中的不及物动词 + for” 视为及物用法,让不定式作宾补,这完全是从汉语角度理解的(等待某人做某事)。但忽视了英语句子本身的结构,这种分析是汉语的思维。语言结构原本是什么,就是什么。

语法学家张道真等认为这是“复合宾语结构”,现在可以推翻这个观点了。

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其它 1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

.The police have appeared to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.

appeared拼写错误,应为appealed。 appeal to sb to do sth. 有些不及物动词+介词构成及物的短语动词,这些动词具有使役意义,即号召、示意、呼吁某人做某事,所以可以后接不定式做宾补。例如

depend on sb to do sth. 依靠某人做某事

call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事

appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事

signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事

shout at sb to do sth 喊某人做某事

... ...

以上句型,可以把不及物动词和介词看作一个整体,为及物动词,后接复合宾语,即不定式做宾补。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.

警方向了解情况的人发出呼吁,希望他们站出来向警方提供信息。

have appealed to分析为及物的短语动词,anyone with information 为宾语,to come forward and talk to them为不定式作宾补。



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  • 曹强 提出于 2020-12-08 17:11