It was a game without rules, of which the sole aim seemed to have been to drive the ball through the opponent's goal.
怎么理解这里的“to have been”, 即为什么不是...the sole aim seemed to drive...?
the sole aim seemed to have been to drive... 和 the sole aim seemed to drive... 有什么不同?
sb/sth seems/seemed to be+表语。如果表语是归属性表语,则to be可以并通常省略。如果表语为确认性表语,则to be不可省略。the sole aim和to drive the ball through the opponent's goal 之间是A=B,B=A的关系,即不定式为确认性表语,所以to be是不能省略的。至于用seemed to be to drive...还是用seemed to have been to drive...,取决于说话人说到seemed这句话的时候,这场汽车球赛还没有开始,还是已经结束。如果没有开始,就用前者,如果已经结束,就用后者。如果不定式表示的动作或状态是先于seemed/seems这个时间的,则不定式就要用完成体to have done 形式。
你的句子中,说话人是在汽车球赛结束后对该球赛的描述,所以不定式用完成体。如果在比赛开始前给别人讲述这种比赛,则不定式用一般体。
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