Research budgets have prioritized energy, defense, and health while mostly ignoring water, even though fixing water would help our energy defense, and health problems.
网友拼错了两个单词，已改正（见黑体单词）。

【结构】
主句：Research budgets have prioritized energy, defense, and health while mostly ignoring water,
让步从句：even though fixing water would help our energy defense, andhealth problems.
在主句中，while mostly ignoring water 是含有连词 while 的现在分词短语作状语，表示对比。
在从句中，fixing water 是动名词短语作主语。
【翻译】研究预算把能源、国防和健康放在首位，而基本上忽略了水的问题，尽管解决水问题有助于我们的能源防御和健康问题。

我不是老师， 你邀请错人了。