老师们好,下面这个句子:
The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.
such……as that of,我理解的是as后面的内容是修饰such hypotheses的,但是后面那个that of 我就不明白什么意思了。
而且such……as这个结构里,按理说是as作为定语从句的,从句里应该有谓语,但是这个句子里从that of开始就是个词组了。
谢谢!
The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.
such...as...结构,表示“列举”。即:as 后面的名词是such 后面名词的其中之一。本句用that 是替代 hypothesis(单数),避免重复使用。我把such...as...去掉,句子是这个样子:
The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to a hypothesis of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.
在such...as...这个结构中,as 可以用作介词接名词或代词,也可以引出定语从句,as 在从句中作成分(传统语法观点)。但本句不是定语从句,而是:
1. 动名词复合结构作 of 的宾语;
2. deflecting, making 和causing 是三个并列的动名词;
3. a companion star with a long-period orbit 是三个动名词的逻辑主语;其中,with a long-period orbit 作定语。
4. of 引出的这个动名词复合结构,与hypothesis(假说;假设)是同位关系,或者hypothesis与它是动宾关系。
【理由】分析为“动名词复合结构”,理由是,名词hypothesis(假说;假设)与动词hypothesize同源。hypothesize 可以接 that从句,而名词hypothesis可以接that 同位语从句,或of 引出的动名词复合结构,它同样表达同位语从句的含义,因为在动名词复合结构中,动名词之前有逻辑主语,相当于一个非限定的“主谓结构”。
我举一个非常相似的例子:
I have a vivid memory of some robbers taking her away. 我清楚地记得有几个强盗把她带走了。
memory 是“记忆”,具有动词memorize 或 remember 的意思。这也是动名词复合结构作定语,memory与动名词复合结构存在动宾关系。
【翻译】大规模灭绝可能会周期性地重演,这种可能性引发了这样一些假设,例如长周期轨道的伴星会使其他天体偏离正常轨道,使其中一些天体以流星的形式落在地球上,撞击后造成大范围的破坏。
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