Another concern by repunlicans is that, a slim democractic majority could tighten its hold on power by abolishing the electoral college,

the indirect presidential voting system, that favors republican leaning rural states, wins in the electoral college (我添加了and then) awarded the

presidency in 2016 to Donald Trump.

1) 我添加了and then, 对吗？还是只能添加副词then ?

2) 在 that favors republican leaning rural states 中，这个leaning是由动词lean倾斜加了ing演变过来，用了抽象意义。请教老师，这里的leaning是现在分词，还是动名词？为什么？

如果是现在分词，则似乎句意是：那样有利于倾斜农村州的共和党。 

如果是动名词，那么republican是动名词的逻辑主语，似乎应该翻译为：那样有利于共和党倾向农村州。

麻烦老师分析究竟怎么样呢？

非常感谢！