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Outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

这里后面的based on 为什么能接having done形式呢？这是based on引导的条件状语从句嘛？还是什么成分？

based on having weathered their own crises

这是过去分词短语作advice的定语。可以改写为定语从句：

advice which is based on...

weather作为及物动词，其语义为”经历、经受（困难或危险的事情）”。having weathered their own crises 为动名词的完成体，作介词on的宾语，意为，这些建议是提建议的人在自己经历过危机的基础上给别人提出的建议。

曹荣禄 -

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黎反修 - 英语翻译（已退休） 1秒前

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Outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

这里的 based on having weathered their own crises 是过去分词短语作 advice 的后置定语。on 是介词，having weathered their own crises 是动名词短语作宾语。