it作形式宾语指代-ing分句

在夸克大全 18.35 Extraposition of a clausal object中写道：

When the object is an -ing clause in SVOC and SVOA clause types, it can undergo extraposition; when it is a to-infinitive clause or a that-clause, it must do so:

You must find it exciting working here. [1]

You must find working here exciting. [1a]

I made settling the matter my prime objective. [2]

* I made it my prime objective settling the matter. [2a]

这其中，[1]和[1a]是同样的意思，那么为什么[2]和[2a]不是，并且[2a]是错误的句子呢？

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最佳答案 2020-10-07 23:03

夸克只是指出2a是错误的，并没有解释为什么是错误的。

《剑桥英语语法》在外置结构的语法制约因素中指出，当主语和表语为确认关系时，外置结构是不允许的。即表语为确认性表语时，不能使用外置结构。例如：

How she escaped is the question we ought to be addressing.

= The question we ought to be addressing is how she escaped.

这个句子的表语为确认性表语，主语和表语可以互换功能。这样的主语是不能采用外置结构的。下句为错误：

It is the question we ought to be addressing how she escaped. 错误。

同理，宾语和宾补如果是确认性关系，也是不能采用外置结构的。

I made settling the matter my prime objective.

Setting the matter is my prime objective.

My prime objective is setting the matter.

A=B, B=A, 主语和表语是确认性关系。当宾补与宾语是确认性关系时，宾语不可以外置。所以：

I made it my prime objecitve setting the matter. 错误（确认性宾补，宾语不可外置）

You must find working here exciting.

Working here is exciting. exciting为归属性表语

但不能说：Exciting is working here. (错误）

所以，当宾补为归属性宾补时，作宾语的动名词短语可以外置，也可以不外置。

You must find it exciting working here. 正确（归属性宾补，动名词作宾语可以外置）。

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曹荣禄 -

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it作形式宾语指代-ing分句

最佳答案 2020-10-07 23:03

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