But at the very moment that I was exalting my advantage and joying in it in secret, there was a muddy undercurrent of discomfort "riling" the deeps of my happiness,
and that was -the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people. I grew more and more disturbed.
老师,不懂 the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people.中的 the having to 是什么用法,什么意思呢?
老师能否详解一下,谢谢!
动名词的历史沿革经历了verbal noun (名词化的动名词)和 gerund(动名词)二个阶段。早期的doing 为verbal noun. 可以用限定词,被形容词修饰,不能后接宾语。后来doing动词化,成了现在的动名词gerund. 除了物主代词外,不在用其它限定词,可以后接宾语,被副词修饰。例如下面例子:
I hate the wasting of time. 名词化的动名词作宾语
I hate wasting time. 动名词作宾语
I hate the wasting time. 现代英语认为是错误形式
你的句子中:
and that was -the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people
划线部分动名词短语gerund, 不该用the. 你直接删去the, 理解动名词短语作表语即可。
(也许在verblal noun 向 gerund 过渡的那个时期有人会用这种杂交式动名词,但这种形式在现代英语被认为是错误的。)
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