Humans have conquered their surroundings and overcome their limits in leaps and bounds,  marked by great innovations.

句子应该在 marked 前加一个逗号。

这样，过去分词短语 marked by great innovations 作非限制性定语，描写评价整个主句。相当于一个定语从句：

Humans have conquered their surroundings and overcome their limits in leaps and bounds,  which is marked by great innovations.

翻译时，定语从句可以按方式状语从句理解：

人类以伟大的创新为标志，跨越式地征服了周围的环境，克服了自身的局限。