1.The trend towards authoritarian rule and setbacks to democracy worldwide,which Trump's denunciation of the press and the judicial system and penchant for unilateral executive action tend to reinforce,have not subsided.

此处的which指代的是前面的名词短语，并在从句中做宾语吗？

2.The landslide presidential election of Jair Bolsonaro,often referred to as Brazil's version of Trump,is the latest example of this trend.

这里的过去分词短语是做前面人名的非限制性定语，还是做状语呢，日常阅读的时候怎样判断呢？