The key quality in a successful manager should be leadership, the ability to be the visionary for the people who are working under you.
However, I weigh potential outcomes carefully before deciding on a course of action. In this way, I can measure the risks before making decision.
I belong to a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues at the meetings.
We have five classes in the morning.
My whole management approach is to hire the best people I can find, train them thoroughly, get them excited and proud to be part of our team, and then work with them to achieve our goals together.
I think it won’t be a problem for me to switch to your company as I have adapted very well to the changing conditions at my present firm.
请教曹老师定冠词the的用法:对于定冠词的用法我一直很模糊,不知道什么时候该用,什么时候不该用,即便对照语法任然不知道该怎么用,比如,语法讲形容词前面一般加the,但下列句中weigh potential outcomes;of professional organizations并没有使用定冠词,烦请曹老师能给我解惑。
语法中并没有“形容词前通常用the"这个规定或规则。这是你的误解。
1 学习英语重点是动词和从句,包括动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词用法,以及各种从句等,需要百分之百的掌握。掌握了这二点,你就掌握了英语的基本结构。
2 冠词的使用是很复杂的,作为初学者很难、也没有必要完全掌握冠词的用法,大致了解就足够了。不要纠缠这个问题。凡是纠缠冠词用法的,都是犯了方向性错误。说明你在刚学步的时候试图快跑。而等你的英语达到一定水平之后,有了大量阅读的基础,冠词的使用就成了自然而然的事情了。所以,建议你放过冠词,五年之后再考虑这个问题。也是那是冠词对你已经不是问题了。退一步说,既是冠词使用错误,也没有什么大不了的。基本不影响老外理解你的意思。(但如果动词或从句出现错误,句子结构就会混乱,别人就无法知道你想表达什么。)
3 了解冠词的用法,首先应该明确特指和泛指的定义。所谓特指,是指说话人在使用一个名词的时候,他意识到该名词的所指范围为何(which one/ones) 是听说双方所共识的,即这个名词处于特指的语境,需要用特指限定词标示出该名词的所指范围是听话人知道的。定冠词the是最常用的特指限定词,但其它特指限定词包括物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格都可以表示特指意义。
明白了特指之后,泛指就简单了:一个名词如果不是特指的,就是泛指的。用排除法即可。
4 定冠词常用的场合:
1)表示类指:
the+单数名词可以用来指整个类别。例如:
The horse is a useful animal.
2) 后照应特指:
即前面提到的一个名词,再次提及时用定冠词。
3)前照应特指:
即名词的限制性定语决定了这个名词的所指范围。例如:
The man standing there is Tom.
4)语境特指:
指由语言以外的因素决定的特指。例如一个家庭主妇对丈夫说,I met Tom in the market this morning. 这个market在上下文中并未提及,但丈夫知道妻子所说的market是他们常去的那个market,听说双方对此是共识的,因而market是特指语境。
5)逻辑特指:
形容词最高级、序数词修饰的名词的所指范围是从逻辑可以推知的,所以是听说双方共识的,通常用定冠词。表示独一无二的事物如the moon, the earth, the sun, the world等,都是属于逻辑特指。
6)习惯用法:
有些词组中常用定冠词,有时没有道理可讲,记住这些使用习惯即可。
The key quality in a successful manager should be leadership, the ability to be the visionary for the people who are working under you.
the ability和the people在此都是前照应特指,即后面的限制性定语明确了名词的所指范围,从而听说双方达成共识。
However, I weigh potential outcomes carefully before deciding on a course of action. In this way, I can measure the risks before making decision.
听话人不可能知道potential outcomes都是那些,所以属于泛指语境,用零冠词表示复数名词的泛指。the risks属于间接后照应特指,即根据分析前文提及的outcomes后得出的所有的风险因素,所以属于特指语境,用定冠词。
I belong to a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues at the meetings.
有很多专业性组织,我参见的那几个组织是所有组织中的哪些,听话人不得而知,双方并无共识,所以属于泛指。用零冠词表示复数名词的泛指。
We have five classes in the morning.
这属于定冠词的习惯性用法,你应该知道的。
My whole management approach is to hire the best people I can find, train them thoroughly, get them excited and proud to be part of our team, and then work with them to achieve our goals together.
part在此为不可数名词,零冠词表示泛指(听话人不知道你是哪部分)。
I think it won’t be a problem for me to switch to your company as I have adapted very well to the changing conditions at my present firm.
the changing conditions属于前照应特指,即限制性定语at my present firm决定了复数名词conditions指所有的情况。
最后,再次建议你,不要纠缠冠词,放过它!
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