He left the bathroom unwashed.
书上说可以理解成如下2种:
1)He left the bathroom without washing himself.
2) He left the bathroom to be unwashed.
请教老师:
a)He left the bathroom unwashed. 可否这样理解:把the bathroom unwashed看成一个整体, unwashed是the bathroom的后置定语,然后整个作left(离开)的单宾语,
意思是他离开了那个没有清洗的浴缸。意思是:他刚才站在一个没有清洗的浴缸旁,后来,他走开(离开)了。
这样理解可否?也就是说,可以有除了书上说的第3种理解?
b)
He left the bathroom to be unwashed.
I think him to be nice.
We all believe him to be very honest.
上面这种类型的句子中,to be 都可以省略掉,即动词+宾语+adj作宾补。
请教老师,不定式一般来说,不是表示未来动作吗?那么,在这里,to be 不定式在时间上,是表示“未来”含义吗?
如果不是,这里的to be不定式在时间轴上,表示过去,现在,未来 - 哪个呢?
leave作为使役动词,可以后接复合宾语,宾补为形容词,表示使用宾语处于某种状态。《韦氏高阶》的释义和例句如下:
to cause (something or someone) to be or remain in a specified condition or position
Years of pollution has left [=made] the water undrinkable.
Their argument left him angry and confused.
The accident left him paralyzed.
Your kind words leave me speechless.
这种结构通常是不用系词to be的。
leave也可以后接不定式作宾补,但意义不同
If people leave you to do something, they do not help you do it.
He left me to find my own way home.
She was left to finish the job by herself.
你老师告诉你那个句子有歧义,是因为及物动词+宾语+形容词,该形容词可能是描述主语的状态,此时为形容词作状语。也可能形容词 描述的是宾语的状态,则形容词为宾补。
你理解到这一点就够了。
你自己分析形容词作后置定语是错误的。单个形容词不能作后置定语的。
To Mikee:
think sb to be+形容词,to be是可以省略的。即think是可以接形容词作宾补的(to be的表语为归属性表语时,to be可以省略。确认性表语不可省略to be).
I think the man (to be) honest. to be可省略
I think the man to be Tom. to be不可省略
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a) 第3种解释不成立,如果要用unwashed修饰bathroom,应该前置。
b) He left the bathroom to be unwashed. ✘
上句是你所接触的书本为了让你理解He left the bathroom unwashed.这句而作出的解释。但这个解释显然是不恰当的。不能补上to be来进行解释。你只能解释为:
He didn't wash the bathroom, and it was still dirty.
I think him to be nice.
We all believe him to be very honest.
都不能省略to be
关于不定式的时间问题,请搜索本网,有大量名师的分析。