Imprisonment means that those who violate laws will lose freedom, a consequence that no rational person is willing to take.

a consequence，是 means 宾语从句 that those who violate laws will lose freedom 的同位语，然后又接了一个限制性定语从句 that no rational person is willing to take

【翻译】监禁意味着那些违反法律的人将失去自由，这是任何一个理性的人都不愿意承担的后果。