South of the ice lay an immense horizon, but one surprisingly unobstructed.
1. 划线部分是介词短语,引出倒装句。south 是副词,不是名词,所以不加冠词。south of 属于“复合介词”(副词 + 介词),类似结构很多:
ahead of 在...前面
close to 靠近...
up to 达到; 接近
out of 从...中出来
away from 远离...
2. one 指代 horizon (地域范围), unobstructed 是过去分词作 one 的定语。but 分句省略了成分,补充完整应为:but (it was) one surprisingly unobstructed.