rain, a rain, the rain 说到下雨,英文有时说 rain,有时说 the rain,甚至还可以用不定冠词的“a”,来放在rain的前面,这些说法到底有什么分别?
【解答】一般是把“雨”当作物质名词(Material Noun)看待,所以前面不加冠词,单说rain就行了。如Maugham的一个短篇小说的题名就是Rain。英文的water, air, smoke 等都是物质名词,rain 算作物质名词,自然也很合理。不过物质名词常可变成普通名词,变性之后就可以加用不定冠词或说成复数,如hair, hairs; cake, cakes; poison, poisons; food, foods; gas, gases: brick, bricks 等,但 gold, platinum, oxygen, hydrogen 等字,则从来不会变成普通名词的。
为什么有时又加用定冠词的“the”呢? 这大概是受了 the sun, the sky 用法的影响,但大都又决不是限定的意思,所以“微雨” 译作:
Rain is falling lightly. 或 The rain is falling lightly.
都可以,当然最好是说:It is raining lightly.
在rain 前如果用有形容词的时候,就一定要加用不定冠词的 “a”了。“大雨”或“豪雨”说 a heavy rain, 实为a heavy fall of rain 的节约说法。例如:
I put off my departure on account of a heavy rain. (我因大雨面延期出发。)
至于中国话的“甘露”,可译作 a welcome rain, “红雨” 可译作a rain of falling blossoms,“弹雨”可译作a rain of bullets。“泪如雨下”,可译作a rain of tears。
就rain 的无冠词及有冠词的三种用法分别举例如下;
(一)不加冠词的:
It looks like rain. (好象要下附的样子。)
Rain has set in. (下起雨来了。)
Rain was scarce. (雨量缺少。)
We shall have rain. (要下雨了。)
The farmers want rain. (农夫要雨。)
Rain came down in torrents. (倾盆大雨。)
(二)加用冠词the的:
Here comes the rain! (雨来了。)
I was caught in the rain. (我遇到雨了。)
The rain cleared off. (雨停了。)
The rain shut us up in the cabin. (因雨我们只好关在小屋里。)
(三)加用冠词a的:
A sharp rain was beating against the window-panes and the quilt was not warm enough. (冷雨被窗被未温。)
A cold rain was drizzling down. (冷雨濛濛而降。)
A heavy rain visited the city. (城里下了大雨。)
A gentle rain is falling on the grass. (和雨降在芳草上面)。
When the sun shines through a light rain, it makes a rainbow. (太阳照过细雨,便要现出彩虹来。)
在rain 前既可以加不定冠词的“a”,自然也可以变成复数了,例如:
The river rises after heavy rains. (几场豪雨之后河水高涨。)
It was visited by abundant rains. (它遭受大雨袭击。)
rain, a rain, the rain
说到下雨,英文有时说 rain,有时说 the rain,甚至还可以用不定冠词的“a”,来放在rain的前面,这些说法到底有什么分别?
【答】rain 可以作动词表示“下雨”, 也可以作不可数名词,意思是“雨”、“降雨”、“雨量”等。
“形容词 + rain”的前面通常用不定冠词,如: a fine rain 细雨, a strange black rain奇怪的黑雨
表示正在下的雨或刚开始下的雨多用 the rain ,如:
I like walking in the rain. 我喜欢在雨中散步。
She was caught in the rain on her way home. 她在回家的途中淋了雨。