老师好,想问一个主动句变被动句的问题。
He offered to do housework.(他主动提出做家务)
把housework置于句首,整句变成被动句怎么变?是Housework was offered by him to do.?那么,To do housework was offered by him.这样可以吗?
He offered to do housework.
这种结构,没法变被动语态,因为没有被动语态的意思要求。
Housework was offered by him to do.(误)
To do housework was offered by him.(误)
只有复合宾语中,由不定式作宾补时,可以让宾语作主语,不定式可以是被动。这叫“双重被动”。
双重被动结构是指,句中谓语动词和其后的非谓语动词均为被动结构,句子的主语既是谓语动词表示的动作的承受者,同时又是非谓语动词表示的动作的承受者。
我举几个例子,仔细体会:
1. Too much homework is required to be done by the students.学生被要求做太多的作业。
双重被动结构,homework 接受了两次被动:被要求、被做。
2.The bridge was ordered to be bombed by the soldier.指挥官命令士兵炸掉这座桥。双重被动结构,the bridge 接受了两次被动:被命令、被炸掉
3. These books are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些书不准带出图书馆。
双重被动结构,these books 接受了两次被动:被允许、被带走。
4. This is something that is intended to be learned. 这是要学习的东西。
双重被动结构,关系代词 that 接受了两次被动:被打算、被学习。
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