老师,请问as引导评述状从或定从有什么区别? 只是从句位置能否在主句之前的区别么?还是说as只能引导状从,它并不能作为关系代词引导定从; 即使as引导了定从,也是省略了it.? 比如这句,She has been absent again, as is expected. 可以理解为as是连词,这个从句省略了it,请问也可以理解为 as作关系代词引导非限定从嘛?
She has been absent again, as is expected.
1 as引导的是比较分句,不是定语从句。as的语义为“正如...那样”。其后省略了形式主语it和位置的that从句。补全后为:
She has been absent again, as it is expected that she has.
本句的逻辑为,主句表述的事实A,和人们所期待的可能会发生的事件B是一致的。as并没有指代主句,只是将主句和从句的内容做比较而已。as并不是关系代词,不具有指代功能。
2 如果用关系代词which替换as, 如下句:
She has been absent again, which is expected.
这才是非限制性定语从句,which指代主句内容,并在从句中作主语。其逻辑为,主句表示的事实,正是认为所期待,二者是同一的。
3 如果我们把expected改为unexpected, 就能很清楚地看出比较分句和定语从句的区别:
She has been absent again, which is unexpected.
定语从句成立。其逻辑为主句所表述的事实,是出乎意料的。
She has been absent again, as is unexpected. (X)
比较分句不成立。主句表述的事实无法和人们没预料到的东西作比较,所以比较分句为错误。这足以说明as引导的不是定语从句,而是比较分句。
4 比较分句采用缩减形式是常规(将采用省略和替代形式)。在as is expected这个比较分句中,省略形式主语it和真正主语从句that从句。要么it和that从句同时省略,要么it和that从句同时出现,不可以只省略that从句而保留 形式主语it。所以下句为错误:
She has been absent again, as it is expected. (X)
所以不能认为as比较分句省略了it。这是错误的理解。正确的理解是as分句省略了形式主语it和外置的主语从句that从句。
5 传统语法认为这个句子中的as是非限制性定语从句,认为as是关系代词,这种分析在逻辑上是错误的。因为关系代词自己没有语义,只是指代先行词的内容,而as具有明显的”正如...那样“的比较意义,并不是指代主句内容,而是将主句的内容和从句的内容作比较。这根本不是定语从句,而是比较分句。
但鉴于国内大部分英语教师采用的是传统语法体系,将as分句分析为非限制性定语从句。网友没必要去纠正这一点。自己知道as和which引导这种从句的区别即可。
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原来as根本没有作为代词引导定语从句这种功能
哪个告诉你的?
as
pron.
(used relatively) that;
who;
which (usually prec. by such or the same):I have the same trouble as you had.
a fact that: She did her job well, as can be proved by the records.
Dialect Terms[New England, Midland, and Southern U.S.]who;
whom;
which;
that:Them as has gets.
-- Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2020
知道这个标红的是什么级别的词典么?
as
That; who; which: after such or same, and introducing an attributive clause: as, he did not look for such a result as that; he traveled the same route as I did.
--- Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
知道这个标红的是什么级别的词典么?
学英语,不要整那些唧唧歪歪、甚至是没用的东西,
踏踏实实地搞清句子的意思以及基本结构。英语要学到能用的程度,有太多的东西要学。