副词前置时修饰主语还是动词

She wisely refused to answer such a boring question. 老师,这句话的意思 到底是 她明智地拒绝回答这个无聊的问题 还是 她拒绝回答这个无聊的问题是明智的 呢? 也就是wisely是修饰she还是refused呀?

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最佳答案 2020-04-22 18:05

这个句子其实是有歧义的。我们把它稍微改变以下:

1 She answered the question wisely.

wisely为方式状语。句子等于 She answered the question in a wise manner.

2 She wisely answered the question.

wisely为主语下加状语。句子等于 She was wise to answer the question.

方式状语通常位于动宾结构之后。当我们把一个状语从句末位置移至句首或句中位置,这个状语的修饰范围就变窄了,与主语的关系更为密切,成为主语下加状语。所以句2相对于句1,显然是主语下加状语。我们再看网友原句:

She wisely refused to answer such a boring question.

这个句子即使wisely是refused的方式状语,也不宜放在句末,因为那样会让读者误读为修饰不定式to answer。所以,为了避免误读,方式状语也移到了中位状语位置。此时,这个wisely可能是方式状语,也可能是主语下加状语。如果我们将wisely移到句首,则无疑为主语下加状语了:

Wisely, she refused to answer such a boring question.


以下为夸克《大全》有关叙述(P 573):

If we move a sentence adjunct from E position to I or M, we can do more
than allow another element to be highlighted by end-focus (cf 18.9). We may
appear to narrow the application of the adverbial from the sentence as a
whole so that it now seems to have a special relation with the subject. This is
particularly true with process adverbials of the manner subclass (cf 8.5).
Compare [l] where casually is such an adverbial, functioning as a sentence
adjunct, with [2] where the function has been narrowed to subjunct status:


Leslie greeted the stranger casually. ('in a casual offhand manner',
his greeting was casual) [1]

Casualy, Leslie greeted the stranger. ('Leslie was casual, offhand,
when he greeted the stranger') [2]

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

She wisely refused to answer such a boring question. 

【翻译】她很明智地拒绝回答这样一个无聊的问题。

wisely 是一个方式副词。它不可能修饰一个名词或代词,它是修饰谓语动词的,作状语。

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  • AKQI 提出于 2020-04-20 11:56

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