【Acts4:10】then know this, you and all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed. 冒号后面的句子我分析这是一个it is…that结构的强调句。最后一个逗号后面的部分man后是不是省略了that或who呢?老师可不可以讲一下关系代词在定语从句中作主语时省略的情况呢?不胜感激。
黎老师给出了定语从句省略作主语的关系代词的几种情况,但应删去G和H,因为那不是省略作主语的关系代词。
你的句子并不属于定语从句省略关系词,是你对结构分析错误。
This man stands before you healed.
healed为过去分词作伴随状语,表示主语做谓语动作时的伴随状语。句子的谓语动词为stands,而不是healed.
你要注意heal可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。耶稣死了,上帝让他复生,并治愈了他的伤痛。this man(耶稣)与healed是被动关系,而不是主动关系。healed是过去分词而不是过去式。
你忽略了一个句子结构和上下文的关系,误读了healed,将过去分词作状语误解为过去时作谓语,由此导致你误以为stands是定语从句省略了作主语的关系代词。
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关系代词在从句中做主语时,在下列情况下可以省去:(见田雨三《英语省略句》,商务印书馆,1981)
A. 主句是存在句或以 here开头时。例如:
There is a young lady at the door (who) wants to speak to you. 门口有个年轻女士想和你谈谈。
There’s a big table (which) stands in front of the blackboard. 黑板前有张大桌子。
Here is a book (which) will tell you how to learn English phrasal verbs.这里有一本书会告诉你怎样学习英语短语动词。
注意 尽管人们在实际口语交际中会像上面例句中那样省略关系代词,有些描述性语法著作中对此也有论述,但人们对这样的省略句是否正确、规范仍有争议,且一般的标准化考试将这样的句子视为错句,所以在正式文体及正规场合还是少用为好。
B. 当从句是存在句时,做真实主语的关系代词 that总是省去。这种句子咋看起来有些别扭,但它们还是存在于实际语言中的。例如:
We want the best (that) there is. 我们要最好的。
I have said all (that) there is to say.要说的我都说了。
C. 当主句是分裂句或其变体(There’s, Here’s, Who’s, What’s)时,关系代词可以省去。例如:
It was I (who) let him in. 是我让他进来的。
It isn’t him (who) will take her to Paris. 不是他要带她去巴黎。
Who was that (who) called a moment ago? 刚才来访的那个人是谁?
That’s a thing (which) might happen to any man. 那是任何人都可能遇到的事情。
There’s somebody (who) wants you on the phone.有人给你打来电话。
What is it (that) makes you sad? 是什么使你难过?
注意 见 A的“注意”提示。
D. 当先行词是 anybody或 anyone,或被 any修饰时,关系代词可以省去。例如:
Anybody (that) does that ought to be locked up. 任何人那样做都该关禁闭。
Any man (that) can’t fight for his country had better be dead. 不能为祖国而战的人不如死了好。
注意 见 A的“注意”提示。
E. 当先行词被最高级形容词或 only等表示唯一性的形容词修饰且从句中有 ever时,或当先行词被 all, every, first, last,much, no, same, very 等修饰时,关系代词可以省去。例如:
She is the bravest woman (that) ever breathed.她是空前的女勇士。
This is the best book (that) ever appeared on this subject. 这是已出版的关于这个科目的最好的书。
He is the only American (that) ever worked in the college. 他是在这个学院工作过的唯一的美国人。
This is the same dictionary (that) I borrowed from the library yesterday. 这部词典与我昨天从图书馆借的那部一样。
He is the very person (that) I am looking for. 他就是我在找的人。
注意 见 A的“注意”提示。
F. 定语从句中插入短句 I know, we think, we hope等时,关系代词可以省去。例如:
I asked for something (that) I knew could not be provided.我要了一些我知道得不到的东西。
She is just the type (that) I think would attract him. 她正是那种我认为能吸引他的女人。
注意 见 A的“注意”提示。
G. 先行词是 way时,引导从句的 in which或 by which可以省去。例如:
That is the way (in which) the money goes. 钱就是这样花掉了。
He went back the way (by which) he had come. 他沿着来的路回去了。
H. 先行词是表示时间、地点、距离、理由和方式的名词时,关系副词 when, where, why和 that在口语中可以省去。例 如:
Your grandfather died the day (when / that) you were born. 你祖父在你出生的那一天去世了。
That was the time (when / that) he arrived here. 那是他到达这里的时间。
This is the place (where / that) we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。
The distance (that) light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometres. 光每秒钟传播的距离是300,000公里。
That’s the reason (why / that) he came. 那是他来的理由。
That was the way (that) she treated us. 那就是她对待我们的方式。
That is the way (that) he did it. 那是他的做法。
以上摘自《新编英语句型句法全解》pp.412-413, 北京语言大学出版社2012年7月第1版