waste 是名词也是动词,visit 是名词也是动词,study 是名词也是动词,等等。
这些词加 ing 也会成为动名词。这个动名词和这个名词本身在使用上有什么说法么?
请老师详细讲讲,谢谢您~!
与动词同形的名词与相应动名词的用法区别是多方面的。比如:
1. 动名词仍具有动词的特征,比如动名词可以受状语的修饰,及物动词的动名词可以有自己的宾语,动名词可以有完成式和被动式,等等(但“名词”显然就不具备这些语法特点):
He gives all his attention to making money. 他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。(动名词带有宾语)
His great age is attributed to eating properly. 他的长寿归因于饮食适当。(动名词受副词 properly 的修饰)
She admitted having broken the mirror. 她承认她打破了镜子。(动名词的完成式)
They were conscious of being watched. 他们觉察到有人在监视他们。(动名词的被动式)
2. 动名词原则上不存在可数性问题,或者说动名词通常都是不可数的,但相应的“名词”则可能是可数或不可数的——用作可数名词时,可以连用不定冠词,也可以有复数形式。比如你提到的 visit,用作名词时,就是一个可数名词。如:
They will come on a visit to our country. 他们将来访问我国。
We had a visit from Richard on Sunday. 星期日理查德来拜访我们。
I paid a recent visit to my parents, last month in fact. 我最近探望了父母,实际上就是上个月。
The president is paying a private visit to his neighboring country. 总统正在对邻国作非官方的访问。
The admiral visits the ships under his demand by helicopter. 舰队司令员乘直升机视察他所指挥的军舰。
These visits had continued regularly, approximately every third week. 这些参观定期持续进行,大约每3周一次。
关于这个问题,推荐英语语法网的一篇文章《walk还是walking》:
http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201001/1494.html
另外,有些与动词同形的名词可以与不定冠词连用表示“相关的动作”。如:
Let’s have a chat. 咱们聊聊吧。
I try to go for a run every day. 我每天都试着跑一跑。
She usually has a bath in the morning. 她早上通常要洗个澡。
Please have a taste of this pudding. 请尝尝这布丁。
I’d better go and have a wash before dinner. 我还是晚饭前先洗个澡。
Let’s go for a walk and give our minds a rest. 出去走一下,换换脑筋。
Have a try at the exam. I’m sure you will pass. 考考试试,你肯定能通过。
I snatched a look at the answers while the teacher was out of the room. 趁老师不在房间时,我迅速地偷看了一下答案。
3. 从意思上看,有些动名词的意思比较单一(与动词原形意思相同),但相应的名词则意思可能比较多,比如你提到的 study,它用作动词时,主要表示“学习”“研究”“调查”等(其动名词也是表示这些意思,但用作名词时可以表示“学习”“研究”“调查”“书房”“课程”“课题”“习作”等。
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