I lived with my grandma in the countryside when I was three years old.
句子中的when可以换成while吗?老师可以帮我分析一下吗?
I lived with my grandma in the countryside when I was three years old.
句子中的when可以换成while吗?老师可以帮我分析一下吗?
【答】不可以。表示“时间”的连词 when, 用法较多,它包含 while 的用法。或者说,while 只是 when 其中的用法之一。关于 while,网友只需记住这一条就可以了:
while 指一个动作或状态持续的时间段。即:在它引导的从句中,谓语动词必须具有“延续性”。
特别提醒两点:
(1)在 while 从句中,谓语动词是实意动词时,可以用进行体,也可以不用,但必须是“延续性动词”。
(2)在 while 从句中,谓语动词是系表结构时,也必须表达“延续性概念”,否则也不能使用。
有一些网友认为,“系表结构”表示状态,一定是延续性的——这是非常错误的认识。也是本句的问题所在。下面,我展开分析。
一、本句,when I was three years old 并非是指“状态持续的时间段”,而是一个“时间点”,实际等于说:at the age of three。 意为“在三岁时”;“到三岁时”;“从三岁开始”。决不是“在整个三岁这一年里”的概念。如果把 I was three years old 改为 I was a child,那么,就完全可以用 while。比较:
while I was three years old (误)
while I was a child (正)
因为,while I was a child 表达一个时间段。又如:
I lived in a hostel while I was a student.
我求学期间住在青年招待所里。
二、在 while 句中,谓语动词是实意动词时,可以用进行体,也可以不用,只要延续就行。例如:
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时,孩子们在外面玩耍。
Half the Committee walked out on the chairman while he was still speaking.
当主席仍在讲话时,委员会的半数成员便离席以示抗议。
They were grinning and watching while one man laughed and poured beer over the head of another. 当一个男子大笑着把啤酒倒在另一个人头上时,他们都在乐呵呵地看着。
I sat on the settee to unwrap the package while he stood by. 我坐在长椅上打开包裹时他就站在旁边。
三、在 while 从句中,谓语动词若是系表结构,必须表达“延续性概念”。以下例句中的“系表结构”都是“延续概念”,仔细体会。例如:
While he was gone she had tea with the Colonel
他不在时她跟上校一起喝了茶。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
While he was in Chicago, Henry looked up a friend of college days.
亨利在芝加哥时探望了他在大学时的一个朋友。
《汉英大词典》
While he was still young and strong all paid obeisance to him.
他年轻力壮时所有人都对他毕恭毕敬。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
Breakfast arrived while he was in the bathroom.
早餐送来的时候他还在浴室里。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
While he was half asleep, he seemed to hear a knock on the door.
矇胧中他仿佛听到有人敲门。
《汉英大词典》
While he was away, I found his absence void, there was something wanting.
他出门了,我觉得很空虚,总像少了点什么似的。
来自词典例句
While he was at the University an uncle maintained him in clothing.
他上大学时叔父供给他衣服。
来自词典例句
四、在时间从句中,谓语动词是系表结构时,如果表达“终止概念,只能用when,不能用while。例如:
We left the hall while the meeting was over. (误)
We left the hall when the meeting was over. (正)
有一些网友认为,“系表结构”表示状态,一定是延续性的——这是非常错误的。第一句,was over 虽然是系表结构,但表示“会议结束”,不延续,所以跟 while 连用是错的。The meeting was over. 表语 over 的词汇意义赋予了“结束”的意义。又如:
I began to do my research work while I was ready.(误)
I began to do my research work when I was ready.(正)
第一句,was ready 虽然是系表结构,但表示“准备就绪、准备结束” ,不延续,所以跟while 连用是错的。I was ready,表语 ready 的词汇意义赋予了“准备就绪” 的意义。
网友的句子,was three years old = at the age of three,何尝不是呢?
I lived with my grandma in the countryside while I was three years old. (误)
I lived with my grandma in the countryside when I was three years old. (正)
(前文已分析,不再赘述)
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