A republic was any form of government in which sovereignty resided in the people, not in a separate ruling class or a king, and where the people were citizens and not merely subjects.
句中前半句定语从句“in which sovereignty resided in the people”的先行词是form还是government,如果还原成单独的句子是什么样的?有两个介词in?
A republic was any form of government in which sovereignty resided in the people, not in a separate ruling class or a king, and where the people were citizens and not merely subjects.
1. form of government:政体(政治体制),不要分隔开来。所以,which 指 form of government。
2. 本句,含有两个定语从句: in which...和 where...,它们是并列的,由 and 连接,作用一样,都是修饰 form of government 的。
3. 在第一个定语从句中,resided in (存在于;属于), not in 是 not resided in 的省略,意思是“不存在于;不属于”。
至此,句子结构和意思,应该没有问题了。
这是给 republic 下定义。我把句子直译出来:
【直译】共和国是一种政体,在此政体下(in which),主权属于人民,而不属于单独的统治阶级或国王;在此政体下(where),人民是公民而不仅仅是臣民。
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