在表示“用”这个意思时,这两词有什么区别?
by 表示抽象意义,侧重方式。例如:
He opened the door by (using) force. [=he used force to open the door]
She succeeded by pure determination.
with侧重使用某个具体工具。例如:
She opened the door with her key.
He broke the window with a rock.
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by 用于表示某人采用何种方式或方法来做某事:He replied by email.他用电子邮件恢复了。with 用于表示使用何种工具来做某事:Clean the surface thoroughly with a wire brush.用钢丝刷彻底清洗表面。不要说:by a wire brush (摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第六版 by)