​There are said to be...的用法

There are said to be one billion people learning English now.

据说现有10亿人学习英语。

请问老师这里可以改成It is吗?为什么?

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最佳答案 2020-03-08 20:37

我给你演示一下句式的转换:

1 They/People say: "One million people are learning English now." 直接引语

2 They/People say that one million people are learning English now. 间接引语

3 It is said that one million people are learning English now. 被动语态

4 One million people are said to be learning English now. 提升主语结构

说明:

句3 的宾语为that从句。从句作宾语改为被动语态句子时,不能直接用that从句作主语,而必须采用外置主语结构,用形式主语 it 作主语。

句4 是由句3 改变而来的提升主语结构。所谓提升主语结构,指的是一个从句的主语提升到主句作主语,原从句的谓语动词改为不定式作主句中的主语补足语。主句的原谓语动词不变,只做动词数的调整。即删去句3的形式主语it 和引导宾语从句的连词that,用that从句的主语one million people 作主句be said 的主语,由于主语为复数名词,is said改为are said。原从句的谓语部分are learning English now 改为不定式短语 to be learning English now,与one million people一起构成复合主语。结果就得到句4。


5 They/People say: "There are one million people learning English now. " 直接引语

6 They/People say that there are one million people learning English now. 间接引语

7 It is said that there are one million people learning English now. 被动语态

8 There are said to be one million people learning English now. 提升主语结构

句5 到句 8 的演变与句1 到句 4 的演变完全相同。只不过直接引语用了there be存在句,以避免用泛指名词(新信息)one million people作主语。在there be存在句中,there是形式主语,起着语法上的主语的作用。所以在句 7 转变为句 8 时,that从句的形式主语there 提升到主句作主语,由于真正主语为复数,因而there也是复数意义(there是单复数同形的代词),所以 is said 改为 are said. there提升为主句的主语后,there后的are one million people learning English now 改为不定式结构 to be one million people learning English now,与there一起构成复合主语。 这样就得到了句8.


这就是网友这个句子的由来。也能说明为什么不能改为 It is said...

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其它 3 个回答

蒋学文   - 英语教师
擅长:英语

你的句子不能用 It is 代替 there are,但可以用 it is 来改写:

There are said to be one billion people learning English now.

=It is said that there are one billion people learning English now.

据说现有10亿人学习英语。

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黎反修   - 英语翻译 (已退休)
擅长:数词用法,存在句,英语考试

   There are said to be one billion people learning English now. 

    =It is said that there are one billion people (who are) learning English

     now.

  【注意】 who are 只能同时保留,或者都省略:如果同时保留,则 who are learning 

English now 是定语从句,修饰 people;如果都省略,则 learning English now 是现在分词短语作定语修饰 people。不能只用 who are 中的一个单词。

    含有 It is said that 的例句很多。又如:

    It is said that she lived to be over 100. 据说她活了100多岁。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9版p.1900)

    It is said that he was a spy during the war.据说他在战争期间是个间谍。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版 say )


    不能说:It is said to be one billion people learning English now.

   


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lfttmm2019
There are said to be one billion people learning English now. It is said that there are one billion people are learning English now.
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  • Eglshlover 提出于 2020-03-04 20:57

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