Paintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedly—over a period of days or years—is that, in the midst of flux, the image remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have not altered.
One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it.
If a painting "stops", time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments. I am thinking of the image within the frame, the scene which is depicted. Clearly if one considers an artist's life-work or the history of art, one is treating paintings as being, partly, records of the past, evidence of what has been. Yet this historical view, whether used within a Marxist or idealist tradition, has prevented most art experts from considering—or even noticing―the problem of how time exists (or does not) within painting.
In early Renaissance art, in paintings from non-European cultures, in certain modem works, the image implies a passage of time. Looking at it, the spectator sees before, during and after. The Chinese sage takes a walk from one tree to another, the carriage runs over the child, the nude descends the staircase. And this of course has been analyzed and commented upon. Yet the ensuing image is still static whilst referring to the dynamic world beyond its edges, and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic. Strange because it is both so flagrant and so taken for granted.
Painters themselves practise a partial answer, even if it remains unformulated in words. When is a painting finished? Not when it finally corresponds to something already existing—like the second shoe of a pair—but when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled. The long or short process of painting a picture is the process of constructing the future moments when it will be looked at In reality, despite the painter's ideal, these moments cannot be entirely determined. They can never be entirely filled by the painting. Nevertheless the painting is entirely addressed to these moments.
Whether the painter is a hack or a master makes no difference to the "address" of the painting. The difference is in what a painting delivers; in how closely the moment of its being looked at, as foreseen by the painter, corresponds to the interests of the actual moments of its being looked at later by other people, when the circumstances surrounding its production (patronage, fashion, ideology) have changed.
题目:
It can be inferred from the text that .
[A]images in some Renaissance paintings may hot necessarily be static
[B]paintings by a hack or by a master are the same in that they address the same people
[C]whether a painting is static or dynamic is determined not by the painter but by those who look at it
[D]unlike a painting, a photograph can preserve a moment
各位老师这个题是不是选D,我看第二段“For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such.”可以推出照片可以保留时光。
根据全文的阐述,一幅画是动静相结合的,它的画面元素看起来是静态的,但是投射到观看者头脑中形成的意象有可能是动态的;或者在某个时期、某种文化背景下创作出的绘画可能暗含了时间的变化,但涉及到超越意象之外的动态世界,它又变成了一种静态画面,第四段所陈述的就是如此。所以A、C两项可以排除了。最后一段说画家是平庸之人还是大师级的人物对于画儿的欣赏者来说区别不大,他们的区别在于画所表达的内容......,B项说平庸的画家和大师画家的作品是一样的,因为它们都是给相同的人看的明显不符合原文的说法,所以是错误的。
第三段第一句:If a painting "stops", time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments.如果说一副画将某段时间锁住了,那么也和照片不一样,它无法(同照片一样)将过去的某一时刻保存下来,使之不会因后续时间出现的东西而被取代。这样就可以看出照片可以将某一时刻保存下来,D项阐述正确。
以上分析仅供参考。