The automobiles move only when they contain at least one occupant, whereas railway carriages spend a considerable amount of time running up and down the tracks vacant,or nearly so.
这里的vacant只有形容词的词性,是做状语,还是定语修饰前面的主语carriages?无论是做状语还是定语,为什么位置这么靠后?
vacant为形容词作状语,修饰running,为伴随状态,通常为后位状语。
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题目有些不严谨,通常来讲,形容词做状语要用逗号与前句隔开:
spend a considerable amount of time running up and down the tracks, vacant, or nearly so.(vacant 做 running 的状语)
这样就好选择多了。