请大家讨论:这是一种什么结构?
Soon, it came time for her to stoke the fire.
不久,她添柴的时候到了。
They weren't shy when it came time to count the money.
数钱的时候他们毫不客气。
When it came time for Peter and Meg to leave, Meg bent over to hug Tom.
彼得和梅格离去的时候到了, 梅格弯腰拥抱了汤姆。
When it came time for him to leave, Moses gathered his courage and climbed the stairs to her room to take one last opportunity to speak with her.
快要离开的时候,摩西鼓起勇气来到了楼上她的房间,他要抓住这最后的机会和她谈一谈。
Soon, it came time for her to stoke the fire.
这个句子中的it咋看上去是形式主语,名词词组time (for sb) to do sth这个真正主语外置了。
语法书在讲到主语外置(extraposition)时都会提及,名词词组作主语,原则上是不能采用外置结构的。Huddleston著《剑桥英语语法》提到名词词组作主语而外置的少数例外。例如以下三个例句:
It's extraordinary the amount of beer he puts away.
It impressed me the way she disarmed him.
It's incredible the things they get up to.
这种外置的名词词组有一个共同的结构:the+名词+限制性关系从句(定语从句)。这种外置的名词结构被认为是一个“隐匿问句”(concealed question), 他们或多或少相等于一个间接疑问句作外置主语。例如:
It's extraordinary how much beer he puts away.
It impressed me how she disarmed him.
It's incredible the what they get up to.
这种外置结构是选择性的,也可以不外置:
The amount of beer he puts away is extraordinary.
The way she disarmed him impressed me.
The things they get up to is incredible.
但是在 it came time (for sb) to do sth 结构中,名词time前没有定冠词,因而也无法将名词词组移至句首作主语:Time (for sb) to do sth came. 这个特指的time没有定冠词显然是不对的。这说明,time的位置不是主位,而是述位。这个名词词组也没有隐含疑问意义,与Huddleston解释的名词词组外置结构显然不符。
其实,这个句子结构类似于 It is/was time (for sb) to do sth. 这种结构中time前是不能加定冠词的。
《葛传槼英语惯用法词典》中提及It's time sb did sth的一个变体:
It's getting time we started.(我们该动身的时候快到了。)
所以,我们也可以认为 It came time for sb to do sth是 It was time for sb to do sth.的一个变体。我们将came分析为系词,与系词be的差异就仅仅是一个为静态系词,一个为动态系词,came强调应该做某事的时间的到来,be强调已经是该做某事的时间了。
所以,我个人认为,我们可以将这个句子按照 It was time for sb to do sth的变体来分析。或者,干脆将其视为习语,不作分析。
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