1 That从句到底能不能置于直接宾语的位置

They would not give that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary.

句子出自 张满胜《名词从句超精解》P81

张认为:句中that从句为give的间接宾语。

这个句子是他本人自编的,还是语料库找来的,不得而知。但我感觉这个句子是错误的。That从句到底能不能置于直接宾语的位置?


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最佳答案 2019-12-10 21:32

give的语义之一为:[transitive] to use time, energy, etc. for somebody/something

这个语义为双宾语用法,用于以下二个句型:

give somebody/something sth 

I gave the matter a lot of thought.

give something to somebody/something 

I gave a lot of thought to the matter.


give sth consieration就是这种用法。其中,consideration为直接宾语,sth为间接宾语。

They would not give that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary.

这个句子中that从句显然是间接宾语,而实际语言应用中很少见到that从句作间接宾语的。这个句子读起来非常别扭。我觉得如果将that从句前置,则似乎是可以接受的:

That she passed her examination with distinction they would not give any consideration in determining her salary.

或者改为:

In determining her salary, they would not give any consideration to the fact that she passed her examination with distiinction.

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其它 3 个回答

zbr1016.
我记得我见过这个例句。可我没怎么看过张满胜的书,所以应该是在其他的书上,但暂时没找到。
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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

They would not give that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary.

语言不是文字游戏,句子也不是靠规则拼凑出来的。它是人们交流的工具,必须符合交际习惯。况且,这个句子的结构本身就有问题。

“实际语言应用中很少见到that从句作间接宾语的。这个句子读起来非常别扭。” —— 看得出,曹老师还是比较含蓄,没有直接给予否定,给张满胜先生留了面子。

我认为,这个句子就是个错句。

1. give 的间接宾语可以是“人”,也可以是“事物,事件”。即:

give the fact consideration

give consideration to the fact

2. 一般认为,名词性从句(尤指that 引导的名词性从句)和名词,具有相同的语法作用。例如,名词可以作主语、宾语和表语,名词性从句也可以作主语、宾语和表语。甚至认为名词和同位语从句可以划等号。例如:

the fact that she passed her examination with distinction

the fact is that she passed her examination with distinction

the fact = she passed her examination with distinction

这种解释只是为了证明that 引导的句子不是别的从句,而是同位语从句而已。但是,它们毕竟是两种不同的义域,在结构和用法上相去甚远。尤其在跟动词搭配时,它们的这种区别就会显现出来。举例说明:

think 不能直接跟名词作宾语,需要加介词才可以。但它可以直接跟that名词性从句作宾语,而此时却不能加介词,有了介词后就不能跟that 从句。如:

I think the fact. (误)

I think the fact that she passed her examination with distinction. (误)

I think that she passed her examination with distinction. (正)

I am thinking about the fact. (正)

I am thinking about the fact that she passed her examination with distinction. (正)

I am thinking about that she passed her examination with distinction. (误)

这说明:think 的词义,要求怎样接宾语以及接什么样的宾语。

3. give 的间接宾语可以是名词,但决不可以是宾语从句。这是give 的词义和用法使然。就像上面几个例句,谁对谁错是一个道理。如果一定要使用名词性从句,也可以。它只能是用在名词后面的同位语从句,即:the fact that she passed her examination with distinction。归根结底,give 的间接宾语仍是一个名词。

造成原句错误的直接原因是:张满胜老师用同位语从句替换了前面的名词,因此就有了网友说的那个句子。这可能是他要“另辟蹊径”,为了体现“新思维”的缘故。

4. 这个句子还有一个不足,它把这么长的一个间接宾语,放在直接宾语的前面,即便加上the fact,也违背了“尾重原则”。They would not give the fact that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary.

5. 早在五四时期,胡适先生提出了“大胆的假设,小心的求证”。为人们提供了一种全新的研究问题、解决问题的思路。“大胆假设”是要人们打破旧有观念的束缚,冲破旧有思想的牢笼,大胆创新,对未解决的问题提出新的假设或解决的可能;“小心求证”即是要求人们不能停留在假设或可能的路上,而要进行证明,小心的证明则是一种严谨求实的态度,在证明过程中不能捏造事实,不能按自己的意愿去改变事实,更不能用道听途说的东西去充当事实,而是要尊重事实,尊重证据,不能有半点马虎,千万要“小心”。

但是,我觉得张满胜老师的这个句子具备了前者,而缺少后者。

6. 我们只好给原来的句子做一些修改:给原句增加the fact 后,仍然不是一个好句子。应该突出give any consideration to 这个词组,它是紧凑的,而不是松散,同时体现“尾重原则”,把the fact that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration 放在句末。我个人的判断如下:

(1)They would not give that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary. (误)

(2)They would not give the fact that she passed her examination with distinction any consideration in determining her salary. (?)

(3)In determining her salary, they would not give any consideration to the fact that she passed her examination with distinction. (正)

 


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songjiahui
其实一两句话就说的清楚,这个句子形式上说的过去,实务中极为罕见。 实务中,宾语从句一般不会出现在有间接宾语的句子中,只会出现在只有一个宾语的句中。如,I think he is right. I will find where he is.
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  • mikee 提出于 2019-12-07 23:11

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