I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. 中第一个和第二个it分别指代什么?第二个it做什么成分?
第一个 it 是人称代词,指代前句I have to work hard to live a normal life 整个内容;
第二个 it 是“虚拟宾语”,无实际意义。最好把 worth it 看作习语,意为“值得化费时间或精力;值得一干;有必要做”。
关于worth it 的这个用法,词典有很多例句:
1. It was worth it to see all those smiling faces.
看到所有那些微笑的面庞,这么做是值得的。
来自柯林斯例句
2. Don't risk it. It isn't worth it.
不要冒这个险。这样做不值得。
来自柯林斯例句
3. We worked hard, but it was worth it.
我们费了很大力量, 但是值得。
来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
4. The World Trade Centre is a bit of a trek from Soho, but it's worth it.
从苏豪区到世贸中心走起来是有点远,但还是值得的。
来自柯林斯例句
5. It was a long haul doing the degree part-time, but it was worth it.
在职攻读学位的过程虽然费时很长且很辛苦, 但是非常值得。
来自《简明英汉词典》
6. I don't bother to iron handkerchiefs--- it's not worth it.
我可不费那个事去熨手绢儿--犯不上.
来自辞典例句
7. The operation was all worth it, and I'd do the same again.
这次手术完全值得, 再做一次我也情愿。
来自辞典例句
8. We may have to swallow some saltwater, but wouldn't it be worth it?
我们恐怕不得不自吞苦水不过难道这样不值得吗 ?
来自电影对白
it 的一个特殊用法(“虚拟主语或虚拟宾语”):
最常见的一个句子是:If you work hard, you will make it. 你若努力,就会成功。
英语中的it,在某些句中的用法相当特殊,一是词性不明,二是词义不清。它究竟指代什么,很难找出确切的答案。有人称之为“假主语”或“假宾语”(sham subject or sham object),也有人称之为“不定主语”或“不定宾语”(indefinite subject or indefinite object),也有人称之为“无确切含义的it”(unspecified it)。总之,众说纷纭,但有一点是肯定的:it 的语法意义在于,它弥补了句子成分的空缺而让句子完整。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!