英语语法网上有一篇文章可供参考:
http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201601/4680.html
▲另外,请看费致德《现代英语惯用法词典》上的解释(如果字小看不清,可将图片另存到桌面,然后放大查看;也可按住鼠标左键拖动图片然后松开,浏览器的标签栏会出现一个新的标签,点击这个标签就能直接查看大图。):
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almost 表示“几乎,差不多”。为一般用词,指在程度上相差很少。强调差一点。语气较 nearly 更强。该词多与 any, anybody, anything 等连用,而 nearly 多与数字连用。
nearly 暗示虽未达到所需数量,或未达到具体的目标及规定,但已相差无几。常用来表示数量、时间、空间上接近。表示的程度和距离不如 almost 那么接近。假设午餐时间为12:30,那么“在12点15分的时候”可以说 It's nearly lunchtime,而“在12点27分的时候”可以说It's almost lunchtime 本词和 almost 都可以用在 any, every, always 等词的前面。本词可以放在 very, pretty, not 的后面,而 almost 不能这样用。
(以上解答根据容新芳编著的《英语同义词辨析大词典》p.76整理)
有些词属于Negative Polarity Items, 而有些则属于 Positive Polarity Items
记住除了些固定词组,正常情况下,nearly是属于后者的(说穿了就是=正面语境差不多的含义),这个会有很大帮助。 (almost既属于NPIs,也属于PPIs)
Almost no one came here. (√)
Nearly no one came here. (×)
====附====
语言背后的逻辑是
almost + dx = 满贯
nearly + dx = 接近满贯
(dx=增加微量)
假设有100个人,
你用almost说大家来,那可能是98、99个,加一句 哇,来这么多
你用nearly说大家来,那可能是93、94个,加一句 唉,还差那么几个
所以在“反向”逻辑中,
Nearly no one came here. (×) 这个逻辑上有问题。
因为你要表示“没人来”,其反面是100个都来,而不是90来个的 都来
有点深。
(1) almost adv.几乎;差不多 (英文解释:You use almost to indicate that something is not completely the case but is nearly the case)
The couple had been dating for almost three years.
这对情侣相恋已近3年。
Storms have been hitting almost all of Britain recently.
最近几乎整个英国都受到了暴风雨的侵袭。
The effect is almost impossible to describe.
这种影响几乎无法用言语描述。
He was almost as tall as Pete, but skinnier.
他和皮特差不多高,但更瘦。
The arrested man will almost certainly be kept at this police station..
几乎可以肯定,被逮捕的男子将被扣押在该警察局。
He contracted Spanish flu, which almost killed him.
他得了西班牙流感,险些丧命。
(2) nearly adv.几乎;差不多 (英文解释:Nearly is used to indicate that something is not quite the case, or not completely the case)
Goldsworth stared at me in silence for nearly twenty seconds... 将近20秒的时间,戈兹沃思就那么一声不响地盯着我看。
Hunter knew nearly all of this already.
这事亨特几乎已全知道了。
Several times Thorne nearly fell.
有好几次索恩都差点跌倒。
I nearly had a heart attack when she told me.
当她告诉我时,我差点没犯心脏病。
The beach was nearly empty.
海滩差不多空无一人了。
They nearly always ate outside.
他们几乎总在外面吃饭。
备注:almost要比nearly更接近真实情况/真实数据。
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